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Tingkat Keparahan Luka Bakar, Ini Pembagian Level dan Ciri-Cirinya

Tingkat Keparahan Luka Bakar, Ini Pembagian Level dan Ciri-Cirinya
Credit: Freepic.

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Siapa saja bisa mengalami luka bakar, baik yang disebabkan oleh panas, bahan kimia, listrik, radiasi atau sengatan sinar matahari (sunburn). Perawatan medis untuk luka bakar adalah salah satu hal yang paling sering ditanyakan karena memang erat kaitannya dengan risiko kegiatan sehari-hari.

Sebagian luka bakar jenis ringan dapat ditangani dengan obat yang ada di rumah. Namun, luka bakar dengan derajat yang berat dapat menyebabkan kerusakan permanen pada kulit, otot, dan tulang yang umumnya membutuhkan perawatan medis jangka panjang.

 

Derajat Luka Bakar

Tenaga kesehatan mengategorikan derajat keparahan luka bakar berdasarkan luasnya kerusakan yang terjadi pada kulit dan jaringannya. Terdapat tiga derajat luka bakar, yaitu luka bakar ringan (derajat satu), sedang (derajat dua) dan berat (derajat tiga). Semakin tinggi tingkatan derajatnya berarti semakin luas kerusakan yang terjadi pada luka bakar tersebut.

Berikut adalah tingkatan luka bakar seperti dilansir WebMD dan Healthline.

 

Luka bakar derajat pertama

Luka bakar derajat pertama disebut juga dengan luka bakar superfisial yang hanya menyebabkan kerusakan kulit minimal dan memengaruhi lapisan terluar kulit saja. Tanda dan gejala umumnya sembuh dalam jangka waktu yang pendek tanpa menimbulkan bekas luka.

Keluhan yang bisa timbul dari luka bakar derajat pertama antara lain:

  • Kulit kemerahan
  • Peradangan atau pembengkakan kecil
  • Rasa nyeri
  • Tidak terdapat lentingan pada kulit
  • Kulit terlihat kering dan terkelupas seiring dengan waktu penyembuhannya

Anda bisa langsung membasahi area tubuh yang terluka dengan air dingin yang mengalir selama 5-15 menit untuk pertolongan pertama. Anda dapat meminum obat antinyeri yang dijual bebas seperti parasetamol untuk meredakan nyeri yang dirasakan. 

 

Luka bakar derajat dua

Luka bakar derajat dua adalah kondisi ketika luka bakar memengaruhi lapisan luar (epidermis) dan bawah (dermis) dari kulit. Kerusakan yang ditimbulkan lebih serius dan menimbulkan penebalan serta lepuhan pada kulit. Individu yang mengalami kondisi ini bisa merasakan nyeri hebat pada kulit, kemerahan kulit, pembengkakan, dan timbul lepuhan terbuka yang beberapa tampak basah dan berair. Seiring waktu jaringan kulit menebal seperti keropeng yang berkembang di atas luka.

Kondisi ini memerlukan penanganan dari tenaga medis, karena luka bakar derajat dua mulai rentan terinfeksi dan memburuk. Area tubuh yang terluka perlu dijaga dalam keadaan bersih untuk mencegah infeksi.

Baca juga: Luka Bakar Melepuh? Ini yang Boleh dan Tak Boleh Dilakukan

 

Luka bakar derajat tiga

Pada kondisi ini, luka bakar sudah mengenai seluruh lapisan kulit, yaitu lapisan luar (epidermis), dermis dan lapisan lemak. Luka bakar juga menghancurkan kelenjar keringat, folikel rambut dan ujung-ujung saraf, membuat pasien tidak dapat merasa nyeri dari luka bakarnya. Luka bakar membuat kulit berubah warna menjadi putih, merah, kekuningan atau hitam dengan tekstur seperti bahan kulit.

Luka bakar derajat ini memerlukan operasi, bila tidak, luka dapat memberikan bekas luka dan kontraktur yang berat. Tidak ada batasan waktu dalam penyembuhan luka bakar derajat tiga, penyembuhan tergantung dengan perawatan yang dilakukan.

Baca juga: Tips Mengatasi Luka Bakar Akibat Kembang Api

 

Semakin tinggi derajat luka bakar, seperti dilansir Cleveland Clinic, semakin tinggi risiko komplikasi seperti dehidrasi, edema, pneumonia, hipotensi, sepsis, aritmia, dan sebagainya. Untuk itu, disarankan tidak melakukan perawatan sendiri di rumah dan segera mencari pertolongan dari dokter terutama saat mengalami luka bakar tingkat dua, tiga dan empat.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Selasa, 5 September 2023 | 06:52

Cleveland Clinic (2020). Burns. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12063-burns

April Kahn (2019). Burns: Types, Treatments, and More. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/burns

WebMD (2021). What Are the Types and Degrees of Burns?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/first-aid/types-degrees-burns

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.71msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1106 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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