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Mengenal Organ Dalam Sistem Perkemihan dan Cara Menjaga Agar Tetap Sehat

Mengenal Organ Dalam Sistem Perkemihan dan Cara Menjaga Agar Tetap Sehat
Credit: Freepik.

Daftar Isi

Bagikan :


Sistem perkemihan bekerja memproduksi, menyimpan dan membuang urine. Urine merupakan cairan limbah metabolisme yang dikeluarkan oleh ginjal. Ginjal membuat urine dengan menyaring limbah, racun dan air ekstra yang ada di dalam darah. Urine kemudian mengalir dari ginjal melalui dua tabung tipis yang disebut ureter, dan kemudian mengisi kandung kemih. Ketika kandung kemih sudah penuh inilah saat di mana Anda merasa ingin buang air kecil, yang nantinya dikeluarkan melalui uretra.

Singkatnya, ketika Anda minum, beberapa jam kemudian akan ada urine yang keluar dari tubuh sebagai cara untuk membuang limbah dan air ekstra yang tidak dibutuhkan.

 

Organ dalam Sistem Perkemihan

Ginjal, ureter, kandung kemih dan uretra membentuk sistem perkemihan, di mana semuanya bekerja sama untuk menyaring darah, menyerap kembali nutrisi yang diperlukan tubuh, memisahkan senyawa dan zat yang akan dibuang, serta membuang limbah cair keluar dari tubuh. Inilah bagaimana setiap organ tersebut bekerja:

Ginjal

Ginjal adalah bagian terpenting dalam penyaringan darah dan produksi urine, di mana organ ini bekerja terus menerus sepanjang hari. Ginjal memiliki bentuk seperti kacang yang terletak di kedua sisi tulang belakang, di bawah tulang rusuk, dan di belakang perut. Masing-masing ginjal memiliki ukuran sebesar kepalan tangan besar.

Ureter

Ureter adalah saluran yang bertugas membawa urine dari ginjal ke kandung kemih. Di dalam tubuh manusia, ada dua ureter yang masing-masing terhubung ke ginjal. Tabung ureter terbuat dari otot polos yang berkontraksi untuk mendorong urin dari ginjal ke kandung kemih. Ureter dapat tersumbat dan terinfeksi, dan apabila tidak diobati dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada ginjal.

Kandung kemih

Kandung kemih adalah organ seperti kantung yang dapat mengembang dan berkontraksi saat kosong. Di dalam kandung kemih terdapat lipatan-lipatan (rugae) mukosa yang dapat mengembang menampung cairan. Saat kosong, dinding otot kandung kemih akan menebal dan seluruh kandung kemih menjadi kencang.

Ketika uretra mengisi kandung kemih, dinding otot akan menipis dan kandung kemih bergerak ke atas menuju rongga perut. Kandung kemih manusia dapat menampung sekitar 450 ml hingga 700 ml urin, namun dorongan untuk buang air kecil akan muncul ketika kandung kemih telah terisi seperempat penuh.

Uretra

Uretra adalah tabung tipis yang terhubung ke kandung kemih untuk mengosongkan urune keluar dari tubuh. Uretra wanita berbeda dengan pria, uretra wanita memiliki panjang sekitar 3,8 cm saja, sedangkan pria lebih panjang, yaitu sekitar 17,7 hingga 20 cm tergantung panjangnya penis.

Uretra pria tidak hanya bertugas membawa urine keluar dari kandung kemih, namun juga mengangkut air mani.

 

Bagaimana menjaga agar organ-organ dalam sistem perkemihan tetap sehat?

Apabila ada salah satu organ dalam sistem perkemihan yang bermasalah, maka dapat memicu penyakit ginjal kronis. Untuk itu, dibutuhkan gaya hidup yang sehat dan kebersihan tubuh untuk membantu sistem perkemihan dapat bekerja sebagaimana mestinya.

Cara menjaga organ-organ tersebut tetap sehat di antaranya:

1. Minum cukup air

Menjaga tubuh tetap terhidrasi akan membantu membersihkan sistem perkemihan dan membantu mencegah batu ginjal dan infeksi saluran kemih.

2. Makan makanan seimbang

Mengonsumsi makanan rendah sodium dan tinggi kalsium dapat membantu mencegah terbentuknya batu ginjal.

3. Membersihkan dengan benar

Para ahli menganjurkan wanita untuk membersihkan menggunakan tisu toilet dengan benar. Membersihkan dari arah depan ke belakang dapat mencegah vagina terinfeksi bakteri yang meningkatkan risiko infeksi saluran kemih.

4. Mengosongkan kandung kemih

Wanita khususnya, disarankan untuk mengosongkan kandung kemih setelah berhubungan intim untuk mencegah infeksi bakteri dan menurunkan risiko infeksi saluran kemih.

5. Menggunakan kondom

Lindungi diri dari infeksi menular seksual dengan menggunakan kondom saat berhubungan intim, dan hindari berganti-ganti pasangan seksual. Anda juga disarankan menggunakan spermisida yang dapat membantu membunuh bakteri.

6. Latihan kegel

Latihan kegel dapat membantu menurunkan risiko inkontinensia urine. Inkontinensia urine adalah kondisi umum yang dapat terjadi karena masalah otot dan saraf yang membantu kandung kemih menahan dan melepaskan urine. Anda mungkin akan tak sengaja mengeluarkan urine saat batuk atau bersin ketika mengalami inkontinensia ini.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 08:37
Tags : ginjal Kesehatan Fisik saluran kemih

Kids Health. Your Urinary System. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/kids/pee.html

Cleveland Clinic (2019). Urinary System. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/21197-urinary-system

Hoffman, M. (2021). Picture of the Kidneys. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/kidney-stones/picture-of-the-kidneys

Valeii, K. (2021). Anatomy of the Ureters. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/ureters-anatomy-5093297

Healthline Editorial Team (2018). Bladder. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/bladder#1

Travers, C. (2020). The Anatomy of the Urethra. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/urethra-anatomy-4842856

Gordon, S. (2021). Managing Incontinence. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/urinary-incontinence-oab/everything-managing-incontinence

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.84msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1181 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.08msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
      • 0: 10107
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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        #12025-04-12 07:07:52GET/penyakit/mengenal-organ-dalam-sistem-perkemihan-dan-cara-menjaga-agar-tetap-sehat2113357