Laringitis adalah peradangan pada kotak suara (laring) akibat iritasi, infeksi, atau karena laring terlalu sering digunakan. Biasanya laringitis muncul karena Anda sering berbicara dengan suara keras atau berteriak, dan pada penyanyi karena tuntutan pekerjaan mereka.
Di dalam laring terdapat pita suara, terdiri dari dua lipatan selaput lendir yang menutupi otot dan tulang rawan. Normalnya, pita suara akan membuka dan menutup dengan lancar serta membentuk suara melalui gerakan dan getaran. Bila terjadi peradangan, pita suara akan membengkak dan suara yang dihasilkan menjadi terdistorsi, sehingga suara Anda menjadi serak.
Gejala laringitis
Dilansir WebMD, laringitis seringkali dihubungkan dengan gejala penyakit lain seperti pilek, flu atau bronkitis. Tanda utama adanya laringitis adalah suara serak yang tak kunjung membaik. Perubahan suara ini menunjukkan adanya infeksi dan iritasi, bahkan terkadang membuat suara menghilang. Gejala lain yang dapat ditemukan pada laringitis antara lain:
Sakit pada tenggorokan
Rasa menggelitik pada tenggorokan
Demam ringan
Kesulitan berbicara
Dorongan spontan untuk membersihkan tenggorokan
Pembengkakan pada kelenjar
Penyebab laringitis
Laringitis seringkali disebabkan oleh adanya infeksi virus pilek, flu atau bronkitis. Selain itu kondisi berikut dapat memperparah dan menyebabkan laringitis kronis, antara lain:
Kebiasaan merokok atau vaping
Terlalu sering dan lama berteriak atau menyanyi
Alergi
Iritasi tenggorokan
Infeksi jamur
Cedera akibat pukulan pada tenggorokan
Terpapar asap dari zat kimia
Penyakit sinus
Mengobati laringitis
Pengobatan terbaik untuk mengatasi laringitis adalah beristirahat dan menurunkan stres. Anda juga bisa melakukan beberapa hal mudah di rumah, seperti meminum air yang cukup, tidak berbicara atau berbisik untuk mengurangi tegangan pada pita suara, dan berkumur dengan air garam untuk membersihkan mulut dan mengurangi peradangan. Dokter mungkin akan meresepkan beberapa obat seperti pereda nyeri atau antibiotik bila ada tanda infeksi bakteri yang ditemukan oleh dokter. Pada laringitis kronis, terdapat terapi suara yang bisa membantu Anda bagaimana mengontrol suara dan mengurangi ketegangan pada pita suara.
Untuk mencegah laringitis muncul kembali, Anda harus menghindari hal-hal yang dapat memicu peradangan laring, seperti paparan asap rokok, konsumsi kafein dan alkohol berlebihan, serta makanan pedas.
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