Thalassemia dan Anemia Tidak Sama, Ini Perbedaannya

Thalassemia dan Anemia Tidak Sama, Ini Perbedaannya
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Walaupun thalassemia dapat menyebabkan anemia namun keduanya adalah penyakit yang berbeda. Ketahui lebih lanjut apa saja perbedaan thalassemia dan anemia.

 

Apa itu Anemia

Anemia adalah kondisi kesehatan di mana tubuh kekurangan sel darah merah yang sehat. Akibat kondisi tersebut jaringan tubuh kekurangan oksigen sehingga Anda mengalami gejala seperti berikut:

  • Kelelahan
  • Tubuh yang terasa lemah
  • Kulit pucat atau berwarna kekuningan
  • Denyut jantung tidak teratur
  • Sesak napas
  • Pusing
  • Nyeri di dada
  • Tangan dan kaki terasa dingin
  • Sakit kepala

Karena gejalanya yang termasuk ringan, sebagian besar orang mengabaikannya. Tetapi Anda perlu waspada karena gejala anemia bisa memburuk.

 

Baca Juga: Mengenal Gejala dan Penyebab Anemia pada Orang Dewasa

 

Pengobatan Anemia

Tidak ada pengobatan khusus untuk menyembuhkan anemia. Pengobatan dan perawatan untuk mengatasi anemia disesuaikan dengan penyebab dan kondisi yang dialami.

Pada anemia akibat kekurangan zat besi dan juga kekurangan vitamin, maka perlu diresepkan suplemen zat besi atau suplemen vitamin lainnya serta perubahan pola makan.

Pada jenis anemia lain mungkin dibutuhkan transfusi darah hingga transplantasi sumsum tulang belakang. Sehingga untuk mengetahui jenis pengobatan yang paling tepat, maka Anda perlu menjalani serangkaian tes untuk mendeteksi penyebab anemia.

Tes darah lengkap dan tes untuk mengetahui ukuran dan bentuk sel darah merah dapat membantu menganalisis keluhan anemia Anda.

 

Apa itu Thalassemia

Thalassemia adalah kelainan darah bawaan yang menyebabkan tubuh memiliki hemoglobin lebih sedikit daripada seharusnya. Hemoglobin bertugas memastikan sel darah merah agar bisa membawa oksigen dan menyalurkannya ke seluruh tubuh.

Penderita thalassemia mungkin mengalami anemia dan gejalanya. Kondisi thalassemia yang parah mungkin membutuhkan transfusi darah secara teratur.

Anda lebih mungkin menderita thalassemia apabila orang tua memiliki riwayat penyakit ini. Tidak ada cara apa pun untuk mencegahnya, namun dokter mungkin memberikan suplemen asam folat, merekomendasikan transfusi darah atau transplantasi sumsum tulang dan sel punca.

Orang dengan thalassemia sering mengalami gejala mirip anemia, di antaranya:

  • Kelelahan
  • Tubuh terasa lemah
  • Kulit pucat atau berwarna kuning
  • Deformitas tulang wajah
  • Pertumbuhan yang lambat
  • Pembengkakan pada perut
  • Urine berwarna gelap

Sebagian kasus thalassemia bisa diketahui sejak dilahirkan, beberapa lainnya baru diketahui seiring bertambahnya usia.

 

Baca Juga: Pemeriksaan Apa Saja yang Diperlukan untuk Mendiagnosis Thalassemia?

 

Pengobatan Thalassemia

Sama halnya seperti anemia, thalassemia adalah penyakit yang tidak bisa disembuhkan. Dengan keluhan gejala yang ringan, Anda tidak membutuhkan perawatan maupun pengobatan apa pun.

Tetapi jika gejala thalassemia yang dialami cukup berat, maka Anda perlu menjalani perawatan di antaranya:

  • Transfusi darah secara rutin setiap beberapa minggu sekali
  • Terapi khelasi untuk menghilangkan kelebihan zat besi di dalam darah
  • Transplantasi sumsum tulang maupun transplantasi sel punca khususnya diberikan pada anak-anak dengan thalassemia berat sehingga anak-anak bisa tumbuh tanpa kebutuhan transfusi darah seumur hidup atau obat-obatan untuk mengontrol kelebihan zat besi

 

Konsultasikan dengan dokter bila mengalami gejala seperti anemia namun Anda merasa ragu akan penyebabnya. Konsultasi bisa dilakukan melalui aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di ponsel Anda.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 12 Mei 2023 | 07:46

Mayo Clinic (2021). Thalassemia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/thalassemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355001 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Anemia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anemia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351366 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Thalassemias. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14508-thalassemias 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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