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Tanda-Tanda Kelainan Jantung Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) pada Anak

Tanda-Tanda Kelainan Jantung Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) pada Anak
Credits: Unsplash. ASD merupakan kelainan jantung bawaan yang sering terjadi.

Bagikan :


Ada banyak jenis kelainan jantung bawaan yang bisa dialami anak-anak, salah satunya Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) atau Defek Septum Atrial. Kelainan jantung bawaan ini menyebabkan adanya lubang pada dinding (septum) yang membagi bilik atas jantung (atrium/serambi).

ASD sebenarnya hampir selalu ada pada bayi baru lahir, namun dokter tidak segera melakukan penanganan karena kondisi ini sangat umum dan akan menutup dengan sendirinya seiring perkembangan.

Namun, ASD bisa berkembang menjadi masalah apabila lubang tidak segera menutup atau diameter lubang terlalu besar sehingga mengganggu proses menyusu dan fase tumbuh kembang serta menimbulkan keluhan sianosis (kebiruan).

 

Penyebab Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Penyebab terjadinya cacat jantung termasuk ASD pada bayi masih belum diketahui. Namun, cacat jantung bawaan dapat terjadi akibat adanya perubahan gen atau kromosom saat bayi masih ada di dalam kandungan.

Selain itu, ada beberapa faktor risiko yang menyebabkan ASD pada bayi, di antaranya:

  • Infeksi rubella di awal usia kehamilan
  • Diabetes
  • Lupus
  • Konsumsi alkohol dan rokok saat sedang hamil
  • Penyalahgunaan obat terlarang saat sedang hamil
  • Konsumsi obat-obatan seperti anti kejang atau obat untuk mengontrol perubahan suasana hati

Beberapa jenis kelainan jantung diturunkan di dalam keluarga, termasuk ASD. Untuk mengetahui adanya risiko ASD, Anda bisa menjalani pemeriksaan genetik saat sedang hamil.

 

Tanda-Tanda Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

Banyak bayi yang lahir dengan ASD dan tidak menunjukkan gejala atau tanda apapun. Gejala dan tanda ini biasanya baru bisa dideteksi di usia dewasa.

Secara umum tanda-tanda ASD adalah sebagai berikut:

  • Sesak napas, terutama saat berolahraga
  • Kelelahan
  • Pembengkakan pada perut, kaki, dan kaki bagian bawah
  • Aritmia jantung (denyut jantung yang tidak teratur)
  • Palpitasi jantung (jantung berdegup kencang)
  • Adaanya kelainan bunyi jantung (murmur jantung) saat diperiksa 
  • Takikardia (detak jantung yang cepat)
  • Sianosis (perubahan warna kulit menjadi kebiruan)

Pada usia anak-anak, gejala ASD mungkin disertai dengan tanda sebagai berikut:

  • Memiliki berat badan yang kurang
  • Memiliki pertumbuhan yang terlambat
  • Mengalami infeksi pernapasan berulang
  • Mudah mengalami kelelahan saat berolahraga
  • Kesulitan bernapas

 

Berbahayakah Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)?

Lubang yang terbentuk pada ASD dapat meningkatkan jumlah darah yang mengalir melalui paru-paru, dan seiring waktu dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada pembuluh darah di paru-paru.

Kerusakan pembuluh darah paru-paru dapat menyebabkan masalah di masa dewasa, seperti hipertensi pulmonal dan gagal jantung. Masalah lain yang mungkin timbul adalah detak jantung tidak normal dan peningkatan risiko stroke.

Jika dideteksi sejak dini, dokter dapat membantu memberikan serangkaian pemeriksaan seperti ekokardiogram, ECG dan juga MRI. Ketika ASD berkembang dan memengaruhi pertumbuhan anak, maka dibutuhkan kateterisasi jantung atau pembedahan untuk menjahit bagian jantung yang berlubang.

Segera diskusikan dengan dokter apabila Anda melihat adanya perkembangan gejala tersebut pada anak.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 01:19

Mayo Clinic (2022). Atrial septal defect (ASD). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/atrial-septal-defect/symptoms-causes/syc-20369715

Heart.org. 2022. Atrial Septal Defect (ASD). Available from: Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) | American Heart Association

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Atrial Septal Defect. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11622-atrial-septal-defect-asd

 

CDC. 2022. Facts about Atrial Septal Defect. Available from: Congenital Heart Defects - Facts about Atrial Septal Defects | CDC

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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