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  • Selain Infeksi Bakteri dan Virus, Inilah Penyakit yang Menyebabkan Sakit Tenggorokan

Selain Infeksi Bakteri dan Virus, Inilah Penyakit yang Menyebabkan Sakit Tenggorokan

Selain Infeksi Bakteri dan Virus, Inilah Penyakit yang Menyebabkan Sakit Tenggorokan

Bagikan :


Faringitis atau sakit tenggorokan adalah peradangan pada faring, bagian tenggorokan yang berada di belakang mulut dan hidung, turun ke leher sampai di atas trakea dan kerongkongan. Faringitis menyebabkan rasa gatal di tenggorokan dan rasa sakit saat menelan.

Anda mungkin pernah mendengar rekomendasi untuk mengonsumsi antibiotik saat sedang sakit tenggorokan. Namun, sakit tenggorokan tidak selalu harus diobati dengan antibiotik. Harus diketahui terlebih dahulu apa yang menyebabkan sakit pada tenggorokan, apakah itu infeksi virus, infeksi bakteri atau akibat penyebab lain. Selain infeksi virus dan infeksi bakteri, sakit tenggorokan sebenarnya juga terkait oleh beberapa kondisi penyakit, di antaranya:

 

Alergi

Alergi memiliki reaksi yang beragam, mulai yang ringan hingga berat. Gejala yang menyertai alergi juga beragam, mulai dari ruam kemerahan atau gatal pada kulit, mata berair, hidung berair, bersin, iritasi tenggorokan hingga kesulitan bernapas. Alergi terhadap bulu hewan piaraan, jamur, debu dan serbuk sari misalnya, dapat menyebabkan sakit tenggorokan.

 

Udara kering

Udara yang kering di dalam ruangan cenderung membuat tenggorokan terasa kasar dan gatal. Hal ini terjadi karena kelembaban pada area tenggorokan berkurang, sering terjadi saat suhu dingin.

 

Iritasi

Polusi udara, seperti asap tembakau atau rokok dan paparan bahan kimia dapat mengiritasi dan menyebabkan sakit tenggorokan. Mengunyah tembakau, minum alkohol dan konsumsi makanan pedas juga dapat membuat tenggorokan teriritasi.

 

Ketegangan otot

Anda dapat menyakiti otot-otot tenggorokan bila digunakan secara berlebihan, seperti berteriak atau berbicara dalam waktu lama tanpa istirahat, dan bernyanyi terus-menerus. Semua kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan iritasi dan nyeri tenggorokan.

 

Refluks asam lambung (GERD)

Kondisi ini dapat terjadi ketika asam lambung naik ke kerongkongan dan mengiritasi lapisan kerongkongan. Iritasi ini dapat menyebabkan sakit tenggorokan, mual atau rasa ingin muntah dan nyeri ulu hati. Selain itu, Anda juga akan merasakan rasa pahit di mulut bila asam lambung naik ke atas.

 

Kanker tenggorokan

Kanker tenggorokan adalah jenis kanker yang berkembang di tenggorokan atau pita suara (laring). Kanker tenggorokan seringkali dimulai saat sel-sel dalam tenggorokan mengalami mutasi dan terus tumbuh tidak terkendali. Akumulasi sel-sel tersebut membentuk jaringan kanker di leher, di mana gejalanya meliputi:

  • Batuk
  • Perubahan suara, suara menjadi serak dan berbicara tidak jelas
  • Kesulitan menelan
  • Nyeri telinga
  • Adanya benjolan di area leher
  • Sakit tenggorokan
  • Penurunan berat badan yang tidak diketahui penyebabnya

Karena disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, untuk mengatasi keluhan sakit tenggorokan dokter terlebih dahulu akan melakukan pemeriksaan pada tenggorokan dan saluran pernapasan Anda. Dokter juga mungkin akan menyarankan Anda untuk banyak beristirahat, minum cukup air, mengonsumsi makanan yang membantu meredakan sakit tenggorokan, berkumur dengan air garam, menghindari iritan, atau menggunakan air humidifier untuk melembabkan udara sehingga tenggorokan tidak terasa kering.

 

Sangatlah penting untuk tidak sembarangan mengonsumsi antibiotik ketika Anda sakit tenggorokan, terutama bila sakit tenggorokan tidak disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Melalui pemeriksaan, dokter akan membantu Anda mencari tahu penyebab dan pengobatan sakit tenggorokan yang sesuai dengan kondisi Anda.

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 22:25

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Watson, S. (2020). Sore Throat 101: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/sore-throat

Martel, J. (2019). Pharyngitis. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/pharyngitis

Cleveland Clinic (2020). Allergy Overview. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8610-allergy-overview

Seladi-Schulman, J. (2019). Can a Sore Throat Cause a Stiff Neck?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/stiff-neck-sore-throat

Mayo Clinic (2021). Throat cancer. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/throat-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20366462

MacGill, M. (2017). What is acid reflux?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/146619#_noHeaderPrefixedContent

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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