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Segala Sesuatu yang Perlu Anda Ketahui Mengenai Hemodialisis

Segala Sesuatu yang Perlu Anda Ketahui Mengenai Hemodialisis

Bagikan :


Hemodialisis adalah perawatan yang dilakukan pada penderita penyakit ginjal kronik tahap 5, di mana fungsi ginjal untuk menyaring darah sudah turun dratis, laju filtrasi glomerulus ginjal kurang dari 15 ml/menit/1,73 m2. Pada kondisi penyakit ginjal kronik, zat sisa dan racun yang seharusnya disaring dan dibuang justru menumpuk di aliran darah.

Kapan hemodialisis dilakukan?

Hemodialisis biasanya diindikasikan bila pasien penyakit ginjal kronik tahap 5 juga mengalami keadaan lain, di antaranya:

  • Hipertensi dan/atau adanya kelebihan cairan ekstrasel yang sulit dikontrol
  • Penurunan kualitas hidup atau kapasitas fungsional tanpa sebab yang jelas
  • Malnutrisi atau turunnya berat badan, terutama bila disertai gejala lain seperti mual atau muntah
  • Adanya gangguan saraf, gangguan psikiatri, radang pada pleura atau selaput jantung, yang tidak disebabkan oleh penyebab lain
  • Kelebihan kalium atau fosfat yang tidak bisa dikendalikan dengan pembatasan makanan dan obat

Sebelum melakukan hemodialisis, dokter akan melakukan pembedahan dengan sayatan kecil untuk mengakses aliran darah. Dilansir Cleveland Clinic, berikut adalah prosedur yang biasanya dijalani:

  • Arteriovenous fistula (AV fistula) - dokter bedah akan menghubungkan arteri dan vena di lengan
  • Arteriovenous graft (AV graft) - bila arteri dan vena terlalu pendek untuk dihubungkan, maka akan digunakan graft atau tabung untuk menghubungkannya

Proses hemodialisis

Ketika hemodialisis dilakukan, maka mesin dialisis akan mulai bekerja sebagai berikut ini:

  • Mengambil darah dari lengan melalui jarum
  • Membawa darah bersirkulasi melalui mesin penyaring, yang akan memisahkan zat ekskresi ke dalam larutan dialisis. Larutan ini mengandung air, garam, zat adiktif lainnya.
  • Mengembalikan darah yang telah disaring ke dalam tubuh melalui jarum yang berbeda
  • Mengawasi tekanan darah Anda untuk melihat seberapa cepat aliran darah masuk dan keluar tubuh Anda

Risiko dan efek samping

Sekalipun terlihat sederhana, namun hemodialisis adalah proses kompleks yang terkadang menyebabkan peningkatan risiko munculnya suatu penyakit atau efek samping tertentu, seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic berikut:

  • Hipotensi atau hipertensi
  • Kram otot 
  • Gatal 
  • Gangguan tidur
  • Anemia 
  • Penyakit tulang - ketika ginjal Anda rusak, maka Anda tak dapat memproses vitamin D yang bermanfaat untuk membantu penyerapan kalsium, sehingga tulang menjadi lemah. Hemodialisis menyebabkan kondisinya menjadi lebih parah karena juga menyaring terlalu banyak atau terlalu sedikit kalsium
  • Defisiensi atau kelebihan kalium
  • Peradangan selaput jantung (perikarditis), amiloidosis (protein darah disimpan di sendi dan tendon)
  • Komplikasi area akses intravena

Sangatlah penting untuk mengikuti petunjuk dan jadwal hemodialisis yang telah diatur oleh dokter, agar terhindar dari risiko dan efek samping. Hemodialisis memerlukan persiapan yang baik. Bila masih ada hal yang belum Anda pahami terkait terapi ini, konsultasikan segala masalah Anda pada dokter Anda.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 11:39

Zasra R, Harun H, Azmi S (2018). Indikasi dan Persiapan Hemodialisis pada Penyakit Ginjal Kronis. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas. Available from: http://jurnal.fk.unand.ac.id/index.php/jka/article/view/847/702

Mayo Clinic (2021). Hemodialysis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemodialysis/about/pac-20384824

 

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Dialysis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/14618-dialysis

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.16msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1841 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.4msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8857 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8857
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.54msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6670 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6670
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.07msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1454 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1454
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.49msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8279 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8670
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.27msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1327 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1327
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10114 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10114
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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