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Kenali Aktivitas yang Dapat Menularkan TBC (Tuberkulosis)

Kenali Aktivitas yang Dapat Menularkan TBC (Tuberkulosis)
Credit: Freepik

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Penyakit tuberkulosis (TBC) adalah salah satu penyakit yang hingga kini masih banyak dijumpai di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Penyakit ini mudah menyebar melalui udara dan dapat menyerang paru-paru atau bagian tubuh lainnya. Lantas, bagaimana cara penularan dan pencegahan TBC yang efektif?

 

Apa Itu Tuberkulosis (TBC)?

Tuberkulosis atau TBC adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bateri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penyakit ini umumnya menyerang paru sehingga dikenal dengan TB paru. Selain paru, TBC juga dapat menyerang organ lainnya seperti ginjal, tulang, sendi, kelenjar getah bening hingga selaput otak. Kondisi ini dikenal dengan istilah TB ekstra paru atau TB yang terjadi di luar organ paru-paru.

Ketika terinfeksi bakteri TBC, tidak semua penderita akan merasakan gejala yang muncul. Berdasarkan status infeksi, gejala dan penularannya, penyakit TBC dibagi menjadu dua yaitu:

  • TBC laten: Anda terinfeksi TBC namun bakteri dalam tubuh tidak aktif, tidak menunjukkan gejala dan tidak menular. TBC laten dapat berkembang menjadi TBC aktif jika kondisi tubuh menurun.
  • TBC aktif: Anda terinfeksi TBC, menunjukkan gejala dan dapat menularkan bakteri TBC pada orang lain. Kondisi ini dapat terjadi dalam satu minggu hingga beberapa tahun sejak terinfeksi bakteri TB.

Gejala TBC umumnya bervariasi, tergantung dari organ tubuh mana yang terinfeksi. Namun beberapa gejala umum yang muncul antara lain:

  • Batuk lebih dari 3 minggu
  • Batuk berdarah
  • Nyeri dada
  • Berat badan turun
  • Kehilangan nafsu makan

Ketika bakteri TB menyerang organ lainnya, gejala yang muncul dapat bervariasi tergantung organ yang terinfeksi. Misalnya, ketika bakteri TB menyerang ginjal, maka gejala yang muncul antara lain munculnya darah di urin.

 

Baca Juga: 3 Cara Pencegahan Penularan Tuberkulosis (TB)

 

Cara Penularan Tuberkulosis (TBC)

Dilansir dari Healthline, bakteri TBC dapat menyebar melalui udara. Ketika percikan air liur yang terinfeksi bakteri berada di udara dan dihirup oleh orang lain, maka ia dapat terinfeksi TBC. Karenanya, berada di sekitar orang yang terinfeksi TBC dapat meningkatkan risiko terinfeksi TBC, terutama jika Anda tinggal atau berinteraksi dengan pasien TBC dalam waktu yang cukup lama.

Meskipun demikian, beberapa kegiatan seperti memeluk, berjabat tangan dan mencium seseorang yang terinfeksi TBC tidak dapat menularkan bakteri. Begitu juga dengan berbagi seprai, pakaian atau penggunaan toilet bersama juga tidak dapat menyebabkan seseorang tertular TBC.

Orang yang tinggal dan bekerja dengan seseorang yang memiliki penyakit TBC lebih berisiko tertular TBC daripada tertular oleh seseorang di tempat umum yang terinfeksi TBC.

 

Baca Juga: Mengapa Pengobatan TBC (Tuberkulosis) Membutuhkan Waktu Lama?

 

Cara Pencegahan Tuberkulosis (TBC)

Orang yang terinfeksi TBC perlu menjalani pengobatan selama 6-12 bulan untuk mematikan bakteri TBC dalam tubuh. Bagi Anda yang terinfeksi TBC, ada beberapa cara yang bisa Anda lakukan untuk menghindari penularan TBC pada orang lain, yaitu:

  • Minum obat sesuai dengan anjuran dan resep dokter
  • Selalu tutup mulut Anda ketika batuk dan bersin
  • Selalu gunakan masker
  • Pastikan sirkulasi udara di rumah berjalan baik
  • Hindari tinggal sekamar dengan orang lain

Sedangkan jika Anda dalam kondisi sehat, beberapa cara pencegahan TBC yang efektif di antaranya:

  • Melakukan vaksin BCG
  • Menggunakan masker
  • Rajin mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air mengalir

Penyakit tuberkulosis atau TBC merupakan penyakit yang mudah menular melalui udara. Menggunakan masker dapat mengurangi risiko penularan TBC. Apabila Anda mengalami gejala TBC maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 18:03

Roland, J. (2018). Is Tuberculosis Contagious and How Is It Spread?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/is-tuberculosis-contagious#risk-factors

CDC. How TB Spreads. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/basics/howtbspreads.htm

NHS. Tuberculosisi. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tuberculosis-tb/causes/

Mayo Clinic. Tuberculosis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351250

WebMD Editorial Contributors. (2020). Available from: Tuberculosis Prevention: What to Know https://www.webmd.com/lung/tuberculosis-prevention#

 

Cleveland Clinic. Tuberculosis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11301-tuberculosis

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      Hints
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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