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  • Penyebab Rhabdomyolysis, Kerusakan Otot Parah yang Langka

Penyebab Rhabdomyolysis, Kerusakan Otot Parah yang Langka

Penyebab Rhabdomyolysis, Kerusakan Otot Parah yang Langka
Ilustrasi nyeri otot. Credits: Freepik

Bagikan :


Rhabdomyolysis adalah kondisi langka di mana otot-otot mengalami kerusakan yang parah. Cedera ini menyebabkan serat otot rusak hingga melepaskan isinya.

Rhabdomyolysis dapat menimbulkan komplikasi serius, termasuk gagal ginjal dan masalah jantung. Sangat penting mengenali gejalanya agar dapat mencegah dan mengambil tindakan yang tepat.

 

Apa itu Rhabdomyolysis?

Rhabdomyolysis terjadi ketika otot rangka mengalami kerusakan yang signifikan. Kerusakan ini menyebabkan serat otot rusak hingga protein yang bernama mioglobin di dalamnya terlepas ke dalam aliran darah.

Protein mioglobin yang terlepas dalam jumlah besar dapat terurai menjadi zat berbahaya yang bisa merusak ginjal saat ginjal berusaha menyaringnya dari darah. Kondisi ini dapat berkembang cepat dan menjadi kondisi gawat darurat.

Rhabdomyolisis dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa penyebab utama, di antaranya:

  • Trauma atau cedera fisik yang parah, seperti kecelakaan kendaraan atau kecelakaan olahraga
  • Penggunaan obat-obatan atau zat terlarang seperti kokain, amfetamin, heroin, dan obat penurun kolesterol seperti statin
  • Beberapa kondisi genetik yang memengaruhi otot seperti distrofi otot dapat meningkatkan risiko rhabdomyolysis
  • Suhu tubuh yang ekstrem seperti terlalu tinggi atau terlalu rendah
  • Kematian jaringan otot akibat kompresi atau pembekuan darah
  • Kadar fosfat yang rendah 
  • Kejang yang berkepanjangan dan tidak terkontrol
  • Aktivitas yang sangat intens, seperti lari maraton, latihan berat di gym, atau senam ekstrem dapat menyebabkan cedera otot yang memicu rhabdomyolysis terutama jika dilakukan tanpa persiapan fisik
  • Operasi yang berlangsung lama, yang menyebabkan tekanan signifikan di otot
  • Dehidrasi berat, yang menyebabkan kesulitan menyaring mioglobin dan memperburuk kerusakan pada ginjal dan otot

Baca Juga: Cara Mencegah Sarcopenia (Penurunan Massa Otot)

 

Gejala Rhabdomyolysis

Tanda dan gejala rhabdomyolysis sangat bervariasi, tergantung pada tingkat keparahan otot itu sendiri. Gejala umum yang menandai kondisi ini, di antaranya:

  • Pembengkakan otot di area yang terkena trauma
  • Kelemahan otot di mana kesulitan menggerakkan tubuh di area yang terkena
  • Otot terasa sakit, atau nyeri saat ditekan
  • Urine berwarna lebih gelap menjadi coklat, merah, atau berwarna menyerupai teh

Baca Juga: Cara Mengatasi Nyeri Otot saat Sakit

Selain gejala utama di atas, beberapa orang yang mengalami rhabdomyolysis juga mungkin mengalami:

  • Kehilangan cairan yang signifikan karena keringat berlebih atau karena ginjal berusaha mengeluarkan mioglobin
  • Penurunan produksi urine secara signifikan
  • Mual dan muntah sebagai reaksi tubuh terhadap cedera otot dan gangguan elektrolit
  • Penurunan kesadaran akibat kerusakan ginjal atau ketidakseimbangan elektrolit yang berat

 

Rhabdomyolysis dapat dicegah dengan menghindari aktivitas yang terlalu berat atau berisiko tinggi. Selalu lakukan pemanasan yang cukup sebelum berolahraga dan tidak memaksakan tubuh saat berlatih.

Segera periksakan diri ke dokter apabila mengalami gejala nyeri otot yang parah atau urine berwarna gelap setelah aktivitas fisik berat atau cedera. Memiliki pertanyaan lain? Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan Ai Care dengan mengunduhnya melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Rabu, 9 Oktober 2024 | 10:36

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Rhabdomyolysis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21184-rhabdomyolysis 

Medline Plus (2023). Rhabdomyolysis. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000473.htm 

Annie Stuart, et all (2024). Rhabdomyolysis: What Is It?. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/rhabdomyolysis-symptoms-causes-treatments 

Kemenkes (2022). Rhabdomiolisis. Available from: https://yankes.kemkes.go.id/view_artikel/1858/rhabdomiolisis 

NHS Inform (2024). Warm up and cool down activities. Available from: https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/keeping-active/warm-up-and-cool-down-activities/ 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3829 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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