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  • Mengenal Penyebab dan Berbagai Bentuk Hiperkeratosis, Ketika Kulit Menebal

Mengenal Penyebab dan Berbagai Bentuk Hiperkeratosis, Ketika Kulit Menebal

Mengenal Penyebab dan Berbagai Bentuk Hiperkeratosis, Ketika Kulit Menebal
Ilustrasi kulit menebal. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Hiperkeratosis merupakan masalah kulit yang banyak terjadi di masyarakat. Kondisi ini terjadi ketika kulit menebal. Hiperkeratosis bisa terjadi di beberapa bagian tubuh seperti telapak kaki, telapak tangan, atau bagian tubuh lainnya. Meskipun tidak berbahaya, namun hiperkeratosis terkadang membuat Anda merasa tidak nyaman.

 

Apa Itu Hiperkeratosis?

Hiperkeratosis adalah kondisi kulit yang terjadi saat kulit seseorang menjadi lebih tebal dari biasanya di tempat-tempat tertentu. Penebalan ini disebabkan oleh produksi keratin yang berlebihan. Keratin adalah protein yang menyusun jaringan kuku, rambut, dan kulit. Produksi keratin berlebihan dapat terjadi akibat tekanan berlebih, peradangan, hingga faktor genetik.

Penebalan kulit merupakan bentuk perlindungan alami tubuh akibat tekanan atau peradangan yang berulang kali. Kulit yang sering mendapat tekanan atau gesekan akan menghasilkan lebih banyak keratin sehingga kulit akan menebal. 

Gambar 1: Hiperkeratosis. Credit: Dermnetnz.org

Gambar 1: Hiperkeratosis. Credit: Dermnetnz.org

Baca Juga: Bukan Cuma Kapalan, Ini Masalah Kesehatan yang Sering Muncul di Kaki

 

Jenis-Jenis Hiperkeratosis

Berdasarkan penyebab terjadinya, hiperkeratosis dapat dibagi 2 yaitu:

  • Hiperkeratosis yang tidak disebabkan oleh tekanan. Penebalan kulit terjadi akibat faktor genetik atau penyakit autoimun.
  • Hiperkeratosis yang disebabkan tekanan. Penebalan kulit terjadi akibat peradangan, iritasi, atau tekanan. 

Berbagai bentuk hiperkeratosis meliputi:

  • Keratosis aktinik: Kulit terbentuk bercak-bercak kasar dan bersisik akibat paparan sinar matahari. 
  • Kapalan: Hiperkeratosis akibat tekanan yang berulang.
  • Eksim: Peradangan kulit yang menyebabkan kulit kering, bersisik, dan gatal.
  • Hiperkeratosis epidermolitik: Jenis penebalan kulit yang terjadi sejak lahir. Gejala ini umumnya ditandai dengan kulit yang merah dan mungkin melepuh.
  • Hiperkeratosis pada puting dan areola: Penebalan kulit pada puting dan areola yang tampak seperti kutil. 
  • Keratosis pilaris (hiperkeratosis folikel): Terjadi ketika penumpukan keratin menyumbat folikel rambut, dan menghasilkan sumbatan kecil. Kondisi ini biasanya menyebabkan kulit tampak bergelombang atau kasar, terutama di area lengan atas, paha, dan bokong.
  • Lichen planus: Peradangan dan penebalan di kulit akibat kelainan autoimun. 
  • Psoriasis: Peradangan akibat kelainan autoimun yang menyebabkan kulit bersisik, menebal, dan gatal. 

Gambar 2: Hyperkeratosis eksim. Credit: dermnetnz.org

Gambar 2: Hyperkeratosis eksim. Credit: dermnetnz.org

Baca Juga: Apa Manfaat Peptide dalam Skincare?

 

Tanda-Tanda Hiperkeratosis

Hiperkeratosis dapat memiliki berbagai gejala, tergantung jenis dan lokasi berkembangnya. Secara umum, hiperkeratosis tidak menimbulkan rasa nyeri. Namun, pada mata ikan dan kapalan, penebalan yang terjadi dapat disertai rasa nyeri. 

Beberapa gejala hiperkeratosis lainnya meliputi:

  • Bercak kulit yang kasar
  • Kulit bintik-bintik
  • Perubahan warna kulit 
  • Kulit terasa tidak rata dan berbeda dari kulit di sekitarnya

 

Penanganan Hiperkeratosis

Perawatan bergantung pada jenis hiperkeratosis yang Anda alami. Untuk keratosis pilaris dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya tanpa pengobatan, sedangkan untuk hiperkeratosis epidermolitik, pengobatan diberikan untuk meredakan gejalanya. 

Beberapa pengobatan yang bisa diberikan untuk hiperkeratosis antara lain:

  • Kortikosteroid untuk eksim, lichen planus, dan hiperkeratosis subungual.
  • Krim obat untuk keratosis aktinik, psoriasis, dan hiperkeratosis subungual.
  • Obat oral untuk hiperkeratosis epidermolitik, keratosis pilaris, dan psoriasis.

Selain obat-obatan, beberapa penanganan yang bisa diberikan untuk hiperkeratosis antara lain:

  • Pengelupasan kimia untuk keratosis aktinik
  • Eksfoliasi untuk keratosis pilaris dan hiperkeratosis retensi.
  • Pengikisan kulit untuk kapalan dan kalus.
  • Krioterapi untuk keratosis aktinik, keratosis seboroik, dan kutil.
  • Perawatan laser untuk keratosis pilaris dan kutil.
  • Terapi cahaya LED untuk keratosis aktinik, eksim, dan psoriasis.
  • Teknik penghilangan dengan mencukur untuk keratosis seboroik dan kutil.

 

Hiperkeratosis memiliki banyak bentuk dan penyebab. Penanganan hiperkeratosis perlu disesuaikan dengan penyebabnya. Jika Anda memiliki penebalan kulit yang mengganggu, Anda bisa berkonsultasi ke dokter. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi yang terdapat pada aplikasi Ai Care. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 31 Oktober 2024 | 14:44

Cleveland Clinic. (2023). Hyperkeratosis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/hyperkeratosis

Nall, R. (2023). What you should know about hyperkeratosis. Available from:  https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320667

Health Harvard. (2023). Hyperkeratosis. Available from:  https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/hyperkeratosis-a-to-z

Durning, M. (2024). Hyperkeratosis. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/hyperkeratosis

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6391
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.29msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4447 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8651
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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