Manfaat dan Risiko Menyusui Lebih dari 2 Tahun

Manfaat dan Risiko Menyusui Lebih dari 2 Tahun
Ilustrasi menyusui. Credits: Freepik

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Organisasi kesehatan dunia seperti WHO (World Health Organization) merekomendasikan pemberian ASI (Air Susu Ibu) secara eksklusif selama enam bulan pertama kehidupan bayi. Setelah itu, menyusui sebaiknya dilanjutkan bersamaan dengan pemberian makanan pendamping (MP-ASI) hingga usia dua tahun atau lebih.

Banyak ibu memilih untuk menyusui anaknya lebih dari dua tahun. Meskipun hal ini sering dianggap tidak biasa, menyusui jangka panjang dapat menawarkan berbagai manfaat. Namun, penting untuk menyadari bahwa ada pula risiko yang mungkin muncul.

 

Manfaat Menyusui Lebih dari dua Tahun

Menyusui lebih dari dua tahun dikenal sebagai menyusui jangka panjang. Hal ini dapat memberikan berbagai manfaat baik bagi ibu maupun anak, di antaranya:

Sebagai nutrisi tambahan

Meskipun anak di atas usia dua tahun sudah mendapatkan sebagian besar nutrisinya dari makanan padat, ASI tetaplah menjadi sumber gizi yang berharga. ASI mengandung berbagai vitamin, mineral, serta antibodi yang membantu mendukung sistem kekebalan tubuh anak.

Selain itu, nutrisi dalam ASI juga menyesuaikan kebutuhan anak. Yang artinya, komposisi ASI tetap kaya akan kandungan penting yang dibutuhkan anak.

Mendukung kekebalan tubuh

ASI mengandung antibodi dan faktor imun yang dapat membantu melindungi anak dari infeksi dan penyakit. Di atas usia dua tahun, anak-anak masih rentan terhadap berbagai infeksi, seperti infeksi saluran pernapasan, alergi, dan penyakit menular lainnya.

Dengan menyusui lebih lama, anak akan mendapatkan perlindungan tambahan karena ibu terus memproduksi antibodi yang dibutuhkan anak dalam menghadapi berbagai paparan penyakit.

Baca Juga: Dampak Menyusui Sambil Main HP

Menguatkan ikatan emosional

Menyusui tidak hanya bermanfaat secara fisik, tetapi juga dapat memperkuat ikatan emosional antara ibu dan anak. Menyusui menciptakan momen kedekatan serta memberikan rasa nyaman dan aman bagi anak. Ikatan ini sangat penting dan dibutuhkan anak-anak selama masa perkembangannya.

Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menyusui dapat membantu mengurangi risiko penyakit tertentu, seperti kanker payudara, kanker ovarium, dan osteoporosis. Menyusui menurunkan kadar estrogen di tubuh ibu, yang membuat risiko kanker payudara menurun.

Baca Juga: Tips Menyusui Bila Memiliki Puting Datar (Flat Nipples)

 

Risiko Menyusui Lebih dari Dua Tahun

Di beberapa negara atau daerah, menyusui lebih dari dua tahun bukanlah hal yang umum dilakukan. Umumnya setelah dua tahun, anak tidak lagi disusui dan hanya mendapatkan nutrisi dari makanan saja.

Menyusui anak lebih dari dua tahun juga dapat membawa beberapa risiko yang kurang menguntungkan, di antaranya:

Tekanan sosial

Salah satu tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi oleh ibu yang menyusui anak lebih dari dua tahun adalah tekanan sosial dan stigma. Banyak budaya memandang bahwa menyusui setelah usia dua tahun tidak lagi diperlukan. Ibu yang memilih untuk melanjutkan menyusui sering kali harus menghadapi kritik dan pertanyaan yang dapat menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman dan stres.

Ketergantungan emosional

Meskipun menyusui dapat memperkuat ikatan emosional antara ibu dan anak, menyusui dalam jangka waktu yang lama juga dapat menyebabkan anak menjadi terlalu bergantung secara emosional pada ibu. Ketergantungan ini bisa memengaruhi kemampuan anak untuk belajar mandiri dan mengatasi situasi stres tanpa bantuan langsung dari ibu.

Kesulitan dalam penyapihan

Menyusui lebih dari dua tahun juga dapat membuat proses penyapihan menjadi lebih sulit. Makin lama anak menyusu, makin besar kemungkinan ia memiliki keterikatan emosional akan rutinitas tersebut. Pada akhirnya, menyapih menimbulkan tantangan yang besar.

Kelelahan yang dialami ibu

Menyusui dalam jangka waktu lama bisa menjadi beban fisik dan emosional bagi ibu. Produksi ASI membutuhkan energi ekstra, dan proses menyusui bisa sangat melelahkan, terutama bila anak masih suka menyusu di malam hari. Kelelahan ini bisa membuat ibu merasa sulit menemukan waktu untuk dirinya sendiri yang bisa memengaruhi kesejahteraan emosional dan fisik.

 

Memiliki pertanyaan lain terkait dengan proses menyusui, Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan Ai Care dengan mengunduhnya melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 21 Oktober 2024 | 11:38

Zawn Villines (2023). What to know about extended breastfeeding: Pros and cons. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/extended-breastfeeding 

Lori Feldman-Winter, MD, MPH (2020). Evidence-Based Updates on the First Week of Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Infants ≥35 Weeks. Available from: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/145/4/e20183696/36972/Evidence-Based-Updates-on-the-First-Week-of 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Benefits of Breastfeeding. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/15274-benefits-of-breastfeeding 

American Pregnancy Association. What’s In Breast Milk?. Available from: https://americanpregnancy.org/healthy-pregnancy/first-year-of-life/whats-in-breastmilk/ 

Britta Stordal (2023). Breastfeeding reduces the risk of breast cancer: A call for action in high‐income countries with low rates of breastfeeding. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9972148/ 

La Leche League International. How do I Wean My Baby?. Available from: https://llli.org/breastfeeding-info/weaning-how-to/ 

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      Backtrace
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