Batuk, Perlukah Diobati dengan Antibiotik?

Batuk, Perlukah Diobati dengan Antibiotik?
Credit: Freepik. TIdak semua jenis batuk membutuhkan antibiotik.

Bagikan :


Batuk adalah salah satu masalah kesehatan yang mengganggu pernapasan. Terkadang batuk dapat diiringi dengan masalah kesehatan lainnya seperti pilek, demam, hidung tersumbat dan gejala flu lainnya.

Pada beberapa kasus, batuk dapat mereda dengan sendirinya menggunakan pengobatan rumahan. Namun, tak sedikit masyarakat yang menganggap bahwa batuk perlu diatasi dengan antibiotik. Benarkah demikian?

 

Penyebab Batuk

Batuk pada dasarnya adalah tindakan refleks yang dilakukan untuk mengeluarkan benda asing dari tenggorokan. Benda asing yang dimaksud dapat berupa asap, debu atau lendir yang terbentuk akibat iritasi dan infeksi virus atau bakteri.

Batuk juga dapat disebabkan oleh kebiasaan merokok, asma, atau efek samping penggunaan obat-obatan seperti obat penurun tekanan darah dan jantung. Selain itu, ada beberapa kondisi yang menyebabkan batuk seperti kerusakan pita suara, postnasal drip, dan kondisi serius lainnya seperti emboli paru, gagal jantung, dan naiknya asam lambung.

 

Penggunaan Antibiotik untuk Batuk

Banyak masyarakat yang menganggap bahwa penyakit seperti batuk atau pilek perlu disembuhkan dengan minum antibiotik. Terutama jika batuk dan pilek tidak kunjung sembuh.

Umumnya, batuk ringan akan sembuh dengan sendirinya dalam waktu 2-3 minggu. Kondisi ini dikenal dengan istilah batuk akut. Batuk juga dapat berlangsung lebih lama atau sekitar 3-8 minggu yang dikenal dengan istilah batuk subakut.

Ketika Anda mengalami batuk yang berlangsung lebih dari 8 minggu, maka batuk tersebut adalah batuk kronis yang perlu segera Anda periksakan ke dokter. Pasalnya, batuk yang berlangsung lebih dari 8 minggu dapat menjadi indikasi penyakit serius.

Namun, bukan berarti batuk yang tak kunjung sembuh perlu diatasi dengan antibiotik. Obat golongan antibiotik berfungsi untuk mengobati penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Apabila batuk Anda tidak disebabkan oleh bakteri, maka penanganan dengan antibiotik menjadi kurang tepat.

Dalam sebuah penelitian disebutkan bahwa memberi antibiotik untuk mengatasi batuk tidak lebih efektif untuk menyembuhkan batuk. Pemberian obat antibiotik yang tidak tepat justru dapat memicu masalah kesehatan lainnya seperti kondisi resistensi antibiotik.

Beberapa jenis batuk yang dapat disembuhkan dengan antibiotik adalah batuk akibat infeksi bakteri seperti:

  • Batuk rejan
  • Batuk pada pneumonia
  • Batuk akibat tuberkulosis

Di luar kasus tersebut, dokter jarang merekomendasikan antibiotik untuk penanganan batuk, kecuali dokter dapat mendiagnosis bahwa batuk tersebut disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri.

 

Pengobatan Rumahan untuk Batuk

Untuk kasus batuk serius, dokter akan merekomendasikan pemeriksaan lanjutan yang dibutuhkan. Dokter akan meminta Anda melakukan pemeriksaan rontgen, CT scan, spirometri, pemeriksaan laboratorium dan pemeriksaan lainnya yang dapat membantu menegakkan diagnosis keluhan Anda.

Sedangkan untuk batuk ringan, dokter dapat memberikan obat ekspektoran atau penekan batuk yang mengandung kodein.

Selain pengobatan tersebut, Anda juga dapat memberikan pengobatan rumahan untuk mengatasi batuk dengan cara berikut:

 

Memperbanyak Minum Cairan. Minuman hangat seperti teh hangat atau sup kaldu dapat membantu melegakan tenggorokan yang sedang batuk. Cairan dapat membantu mengurangi lendir yang ada di tenggorokan sehingga membuat tenggorokan terasa lebih nyaman.

Minum Madu. Madu merupakan salah satu bahan alami yang efektif meredakan batuk. Anda dapat mengonsumsi 1-2 sendok madu secara langsung atau mencampurnya dengan air hangat. Selain madu, Anda juga dapat menambahkan jahe pada minuman Anda untuk membantu menghangatkan tenggorokan.

Kumur Air Garam. Berkumur air garam dapat membantu meredakan batuk. Siapkan 1-2 sendok teh gram, lalu campur dengan air hangat dalam cangkir. Kumur hingga mencapai ujung tenggorokan (gargle). Lakukan 1-2 kali sehari hingga batuk mereda.

Batuk dapat disebabkan oleh banyak hal, baik karena infeksi virus atau bakteri. Antibiotik hanya diberikan jika batuk yang Anda alami disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Selain antibiotik, Anda dapat memberikan pengobatan alami untuk meredakan batuk ringan. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 22:35

Healthy Children. Why Most Sore Throats, Coughs & Runny Noses Don’t Need Antibiotics. Available from: https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/at-home/medication-safety/Pages/Antibiotics-for-a-Sore-Throat-Cough-or-Runny-Nose.aspx#

Mayo Clinic. Chronic Cough. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-cough/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351580

 

CDC. Antbiotic Do’s & Don’ts. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/do-and-dont.html

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1280 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1280
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7529
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 642 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 642
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8455
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.26msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9198 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9198
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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