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Bisa Menular, Kenali Cara Penularan Pneumonia dan Pencegahannya

Bisa Menular, Kenali Cara Penularan Pneumonia dan Pencegahannya
Credit: Freepik. Pneumonia dapat dengan mudah menular melalui aktivitas sehari-hari.

Bagikan :


Pneumonia atau radang paru-paru adalah peradangan pada paru-paru yang disebabkan oleh infeksi. Penyakit ini memiliki berbagai macam jenis dan beberapa di antaranya dapat menular dengan mudah dari satu orang ke orang lain. Untuk itu, Anda perlu mewaspadai cara penularan pneumonia dan pencegahannya.

 

Bagaimana Penularan Pneumonia?

Penyakit pneumonia dipicu oleh infeksi bakteri, virus dan jamur. Beberapa kuman dapat menular dari satu orang ke orang lain. Namun demikian, tidak semua orang akan mengalami infeksi pneumonia ketika terpapar kuman yang sama. Meski tidak semua pneumonia menular, namun Anda perlu waspada terhadap mekanisme penularan pneumonia.

Dilansir dari Healthline, pneumonia yang paling menular adalah pneumonia bakteri atau pneumonia yang disebabkan oleh berkembangnya bakteri. Beberapa bentuk pneumonia bakteri antara lain:

  • Walking pneumonia
  • Streptococcal pneumonia
  • Pneumonia yang disebabkan oleh Chlamydia pneumoniae
  • Pneumonia yang disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Selain pneumonia bakteri, pneumonia yang menular adalah pneumonia yang disebabkan oleh virus, termasuk virus yang sama dengan penyebab pilek dan flu.

Dilansir dari NHS, beberapa cara penularan pneumonia yang perlu diwaspadai antara lain:

Melalui Percikan Air Liur

Cara penularan pneumonia yang paling umum adalah melalui percikan air liur saat pengidap pneumonia batuk atau bersin. Air liur pengidap pneumonia mengandung bakteri atau virus penyebab pneumonia.

Ketika percikan air liur ini terhirup orang lain yang ada di sekitar, orang tersebut berisiko mengalami infeksi pneumonia.

Melalui Sentuhan Barang yang Sudah Terkontaminasi

Selain dengan cara sentuhan langsung, penularan pneumonia juga dapat terjadi melalui sentuhan pada benda-benda yang tanpa disadari telah terkontaminasi bakteri melaui percikan air liur pengidap pneumonia saat batuk atau bersin.

Jika Anda menyentuh benda yang terkontaminasi bakeri atau virus tersebut, bakteri atau virus dapat berpindah tangan ke orang lain lalu masuk ke saluran pernapasan saat menyentuh hidung atau mulut sebelum mencuci tangan.

Tidak hanya itu, penularan juga bisa terjadi melalui tisu yang digunakan penderita pneumonia ketika menutup mulut saat batuk dan bersin menggunakan tisu, namun tisu tersebut tidak segera dibuang. Tisu yang sudah digunakan dapat menjadi media penularan bakteri atau virus pada orang yang tidak sengaja menyentuhnya.

Selain kedua cara tersebut, penularan pneumonia juga dapat terjadi melalui penggunaan alat makan dan minum secara bergantian dengan orang yang mengidap pneumonia.

 

Cara Mencegah Pneumonia

Untuk mencegah tertular pneumonia, Anda dapat menerapkan cara pencegahan virus flu dan pilek, yaitu:

Menutup mulut dan hidung ketika bersin. Anda dapat menutup mulut dan hidung dengan tisu atau dengan siku ketika tidak tersedia tisu. Sebaiknya segera buang tisu yang Anda gunakan untuk menutup mulut dan hidung saat bersin.

Rajin mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air mengalir. Biasakan untuk selalu mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air mengalir di waktu-waktu penting seperti sebelum makan, sebelum menyiapkan makanan dan ketika tangan terlihat atau terasa kotor. Mencuci tangan dengan sabun dan air yang mengalir mampu mengurangi penularan virus antar sesama.

HIndari kontak dengan orang yang sakit. Sebaiknya, hindari kontak langsung dengan orang yang mengidap pneumonia atau yang baru saja sembuh dari pneumonia. Setidaknya jaga jarak minimal 1 meter dengan orang yang mengidap pneumonia untuk mencegah penularan.

Vaksinasi. Anda juga dapat meminimalisir risiko pencegahan pneumonia dengan melakukan vaksinasi. Segera hubungi vaksinator atau layanan kesehatan terdekat untuk mendapatkan vaksin pneumonia.

 

Beberapa jenis pneumonia dapat dengan mudah menular melalui aktivitas sehari-hari. Untuk pencegahan, Anda dapat menerapkan gaya hidup bersih sehat dengan rajin mencuci tangan serta jaga jarak dengan pengidap pneumonia. Apabila Anda mengalami gejala pneumonia maka sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 03:22

NHS. (2019). Is Pneumonia Contagious. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/common-health-questions/infections/is-pneumonia-contagious/

Wells, D. (2021).  https://www.healthline.com/health/is-pneumonia-contagious

Wagner. K. (2022). Is Pneumonia Contagious?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/is-pneumonia-contagious-5119380

 

Cleveland Clinic. Pneumonia. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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