Tukak Lambung Kronis, Kenali Gejala dan Penanganannya

Tukak Lambung Kronis, Kenali Gejala dan Penanganannya
Ilustrasi gangguan lambung. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Tukak lambung adalah luka pada lambung yang menimbulkan keluhan gangguan seperti perut terasa terbakar, nyeri, dan mual. Kondisi ini perlu mendapat penanganan yang tepat agar tidak berkembang menjadi tukak lambung kronis.

 

Apa Itu Tukak Lambung Kronis?

Lambung memiliki cairan seperti pepsin dan asam lambung yang membantu memecah makanan. Cairan ini bersifat sangat korosif dan dapat melukai dinding saluran pencernaan.

Seluruh saluran pencernaan memiliki lapisan lendir pelindung untuk melindungi jaringan di dalamnya, tetapi pada penyakit tukak lambung, lendir pelindung ini terkikis sehingga dinding lambung mengalami luka. Luka inilah yang dikenal dengan tukak lambung.

Tukak lambung biasanya bersifat akut, yaitu terjadi pada waktu singkat, mudah diatasi, dan mudah sembuh. Namun jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat, kondisi ini dapat berkembang menjadi tukak lambung kronis. Biasanya, tukak lambung kronis berlangsung selama lebih dari 6 bulan.

Gejala tukak lambung antra lain:

  • Nyeri perut yang parah
  • Nyeri ulu hati atau dada
  • Mual dan muntah
  • Muncul darah dalam tinja

Baca Juga: Panduan Mengonsumsi Omeprazole untuk Mengatasi Asam Lambung

 

Penyebab Tukak Lambung Kronis

Penyebab tukak lambung kronis sama dengan tukak lambung akut. Kondisi ini disebabkan oleh pengikisan bagian dalam lambung akibat asam lambung. Dilansir dari Cleveland Clinic, hampir semua kasus tukak lambung disebabkan oleh dua hal, yaitu:

Infeksi H. pylori

Pada sebagian orang, infeksi H.pylori tidak menimbulkan gejala dan masalah kesehatan apa pun. Namun jika infeksi ini tidak dikendalikan, kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan gangguan keseimbangan alami mikroba yang hidup di lambung. Infeksi ini akan memicu respons peradangan yang dapat mengurangi kemampuan jaringan bagian dalam lambung untuk memperbaiki diri.

Penyalahgunaan obat pereda nyeri

Obat pereda nyeri yang dijual bebas seperti aspirin atau ibuprofen cenderung dikonsumsi di luar anjuran pemakaian. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan gangguan hormon di saluran pencernaan yang berpotensi menghambat proses perbaikan kerusakan pada lapisan pencernaan. 

Selain penyebab di atas, tukak lambung juga bisa disebabkan oleh kondisi lainnya seperti: 

  • Infeksi berat lainnya
  • Kehilangan suplai darah
  • Stres fisiologis yang parah
  • Efek kemoterapi atau terapi radiasi
  • Penyakit Crohn
  • Kanker lambung

Faktor lain yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya tukak lambung kronis adalah kebiasaan merokok dan minum alkohol sehari-hari. Meskipun kebiasaan tersebut tidak dapat menyebabkan tukak lambung secara langsung, namun ketika kondisi tersebut dikombinasikan dengan infeksi bakteri atau penyalahgunaan obat nyeri, hal tersebut dapat memicu terjadinya tukak lambung. 

 

Baca Juga: Berbahayakah Jika Asam Lambung Terlalu Rendah?

Penanganan Tukak Lambung Kronis

Pengobatan pada tukak lambung kronis umumnya dilakukan dengan memberi pengobatan untuk meredakan gejala. Beberapa obat-obatan yang dapat diberikan antara lain:

  • Pemberian antibiotik untuk melawan infeksi bakteri
  • Obat penghambat pompa proton (PPIs) yang bekerja dengan menghalangi aksi bagian sel yang memproduksi asam
  • Antasid untuk menetralisir asam lambung
  • Obat-obatan untuk melindungi lapisan bagian dalam lambung seperti sucralfate dan misoprostol

Dokter juga dapat merekomendasikan operasi untuk mengurangi risiko perforasi lambung, yaitu kondisi terbentuknya lubang di saluran pencernaan. Operasi juga dapat dilakukan untuk pasien yang tidak merespon pengobatan dan sering kambuh. Jenis operasi yang bisa dilakukan antara lain:

  • Vagotomi: Memutus saluran saraf yang memicu asam lambung
  • Piroplasti: Menghilangkan jaringan parut sehingga bukaan lambung lebih lebar dan cairan asam lambung lebih sedikit

Selain penanganan di atas, dokter juga dapat merekomendasikan perubahan gaya hidup sehat seperti:

  • Berhenti merokok
  • Makan makanan sehat dengan gizi seimbang, mengurangi makanan berlemak
  • Mengelola stres dengan baik

 

Tukak lambung merupakan kondisi yang bisa ditangani dengan mudah, tetapi jika tidak mendapat penanganan yang tepat dapat berkembang menjadi tukak lambung kronis. Jika Anda memiliki gangguan lambung, sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter agar mendapat penanganan yang sesuai. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh melalui App Store dan Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Rabu, 28 Agustus 2024 | 08:40

Cleveland Clinic. Peptic Ulcer. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10350-peptic-ulcer-disease

Mount Sinai. Peptic Ulcer. Available from: https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer

Penn Medicine. Peptic Ulcer Disease. Available from: https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/peptic-ulcer-disease

Cleveland Clinic. Stomach Ulcer. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22314-stomach-ulcer

Mayo Clinic. Peptic Ulcer. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/peptic-ulcer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20354229

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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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