Pembesaran Adenoid di Tenggorokan, Haruskah Dioperasi?

Pembesaran Adenoid di Tenggorokan, Haruskah Dioperasi?
Ilustrasi pembesaran adenoid. Credit: Freepik

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Adenoid merupakan bagian dari sistem kekebalan tubuh. Seperti amandel, adenoid bekerja dengan menjebak bakteri dan virus yang melewati mulut dan menghasilkan antibodi untuk melawan infeksi. Ketika adenoid membesar, kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan seseorang sulit bernapas. Lantas, perlukah adenoid yang membesar dioperasi?.

 

Penyebab Pembesaran Adenoid (Adenoiditis)

Adenoid adalah kelenjar yang berada di saluran napas bagian atas, tepat di belakang rongga hidung. Adenoid merupakan bagian dari sistem limfatik dan kekebalan tubuh, bertugas untuk memerangkap kuman yang terhirup melalui mulut dan hidung. Adenoid juga bertugas menghasilkan antibodi yang membantu melawan kuman.

Pada bayi, balita, dan anak-anak, adenoid berperan penting sebagai fungsi kekebalan tubuh. Adenoid terus tumbuh hingga anak berusia 3-5 tahun, lalu menyusut pada usia 7-8 tahun. Ketika anak memasuki usia dewasa dan sistem kekebalan tubuh sudah semakin matang, adenoid akan hilang sepenuhnya.

Pembesaran adenoid adalah salah satu masalah kesehatan yang umum dialami anak-anak. Beberapa penyebab anak mengalami pembesaran adenoid di antaranya:

  • Tubuh sedang melawan infeksi
  • Bawaan lahir
  • Alergi

Adenoid yang membesar akibat infeksi biasanya akan kembali normal setelah infeksi mereda. Namun, dalam beberapa kasus, adenoid tetap membesar bahkan setelah infeksi hilang. Pada beberapa orang, pembesaran adenoid juga dapat terjadi di usia dewasa akibat paparan infeksi kronis atau alergi.

Baca Juga: Penyebab Batu Amandel dan Cara Menghilangkannya

 

Gejala Pembesaran Adenoid

Anak-anak yang mengalami pembesaran adenoid umumnya tidak menunjukkan gejala sama sekali. Namun dalam beberapa kasus, pembesaran adenoid dapat menyebabkan gejala berikut: 

  • Sakit tenggorokan
  • Hidung tersumbat
  • Telinga terasa penuh
  • Sulit bernapas dengan hidung sehingga bernapas lebih nyaman melalui mulut
  • Sulit tidur
  • Mendengkur
  • Obstructive sleep apnea
  • Kesulitan menelan
  • Kelenjar di leher membengkak
  • Penumpukan cairan di telinga tengah
  • Bibir pecah-pecah dan mulut kering akibat masalah pernapasan

Baca Juga: Amandel Bengkak di Salah Satu Sisi, Apa Penyebabnya?

 

Penanganan Pembesaran Adenoid

Pada beberapa anak, adenoiditis dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya tanpa memerlukan pengobatan khusus. Penanganan pembesaran adenoid perlu disesuaikan dengan usia anak dan seberapa besar pembesaran yang terjadi.

Beberapa penanganan adenoiditis yang bisa diberikan antara lain:

Pemberian antibiotik atau antivirus

Dokter dapat memberikan antibiotik jika pembesaran adenoid disebabkan oleh bakteri. Begitu juga jika adenoiditis disebabkan oleh virus, dokter dapat meresepkan antivirus atau pengobatan lainnya untuk meredakan gejala.

Pembedahan

Apabila pemberian obat-obatan tidak efektif untuk meredakan penyakit dan si kecil terus-menerus mengalami masalah pernapasan, dokter dapat merekomendasikan pengangkatan adenoid yang disebut adenoidektomi. Dokter dapat merekomendasikan adenoidektomi jika pasien mengalami kondisi berikut: 

  • Infeksi adenoid yang terus berulang dan mengakibatkan infeksi sinus atau telinga
  • Infeksi yang tidak kunjung sembuh dengan antibiotik
  • Anak mengalami masalah pernapasan dan mengganggu tidur

Prosedur adenoidektomi dilakukan dengan pemberian bius umum, lalu dokter akan mengangkat adenoid melalui mulut. Operasi adenoidektomi umumnya merupakan prosedur bedah yang aman dan minim risiko komplikasi pada anak. Efek samping yang dapat muncul antara lain nyeri, perdarahan ringan, rasa tidak nyaman, sakit tenggorokan, hidung meler, dan napas berbunyi. 

Masa pemulihan adenoidektomi dapat berlangsung hingga sekitar 1 minggu. Setelah operasi, anak-anak dianjurkan beristirahat, menghindari akivitas berat, mengonsumsi makanan lunak, dan menghindari makanan bersifat asam.

 

Pembengkakan adenoid umumnya ringan dan tidak memerlukan pembedahan. Namun jika pembengkakan ini mengganggu maka sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter. Apabila Anda memiliki pertanyaan seputar masalah kesehatan anak sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh melalui App Store dan Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Kamis, 17 Oktober 2024 | 16:15

Cleveland Clinic. Adenoids. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23181-adenoids

Kids Health. Adenoids and Adenoidectomy. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/adenoids.html

Marks, H. (2023). Adenoiditis. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/children/adenoiditis

Johnson, S. (2019). What to know about enlarged adenoids. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324519#possible-complications

Macon, B. (2020). Adenoiditis: An Infection of Your Infection-Fighting Tissue. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/adenoiditis

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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