Apa Itu Limfedema, Penyebab dan Gejalanya

Apa Itu Limfedema, Penyebab dan Gejalanya
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Limfedema bukanlah pembengkakan biasa. Ketika cairan limfe atau cairan getah bening tidak dapat mengalir melalui sistem limfatik tubuh dengan semestinya, atau adanya sumbatan pada sistem limfatik, bisa terjadi pembengkakan di area tubuh seperti tungkai, lengan, dinding dada, leher, perut maupun kelamin.

Limfedema ditandai dengan penumpukan cairan kaya protein yang bisa disebabkan oleh banyak hal. Limfedema bisa memengaruhi kualitas hidup orang yang terkena. Selain tidak nyaman, pembengkakan anggota tubuh bisa membuat penderitanya sulit untuk bergerak. Selain itu, karena sistem limfatik adalah bagian yang penting dari sistem imun, kondisi ini bisa menjadi serius karena penderitanya bisa mengalami peningkatan risiko terkena infeksi yang dapat mengancam jiwa.

 

Tanda-Tanda Limfedema

Limfedema adalah penyakit yang bersifat kronis atau jangka panjang. Penumpukan cairan yang terjadi bisa menyebabkan perubahan pada kulit dan jaringan. Gejala limfedema juga bervariasi, ada yang ringan atau berat. Adapun gejala yang dapat dialami akibat limfedema di antaranya:

  • Pembengkakan pada sebagian atau seluruh lengan atau tungkai
  • Perasaan berat atau sesak di area yang membengkak
  • Rentang gerak anggota gerak jadi terbatas akibat pembengkakan
  • Meningkatnya risiko infeksi berulang
  • Pengerasan dan penebalan kulit karena perubahan jaringan di area yang terkena
  • Kesulitan atau tidak dapat melihat maupun merasakan pembuluh darah di area yang membengkak
  • Lengan atau kaki yang membengkak terlihat memiliki ukuran yang berbeda
  • Sendi terasa sangat kaku
  • Area kulit di mana terjadi pembengkakan tampak kemerahan
  • Adanya sensasi terbakar atau gatal di area pembengkakan

Baca Juga: Penyebab dan Gejala Limfadenitis, Infeksi di Kelenjar Getah Bening

 

Penyebab Limfedema

Limfedema bisa disebabkan oleh berbagai kondisi kesehatan, di antaranya:

Obesitas

Orang dengan obesitas memiliki kelebihan jaringan lemak yang bisa menekan pembuluh dan kelenjar getah bening. Tekanan yang lebih besar ini bisa memengaruhi aliran cairan getah bening.

Selain itu, orang yang obesitas juga memiliki fungsi sistem limfatik yang lebih lemah, serta memiliki respons peradangan yang abnormal. Hal-hal ini bisa berdampak negatif pada sistem limfatik. Akibatnya, risiko penumpukan cairan dan pembengkakan pada orang obesitas menjadi lebih besar. Selain itu, obesitas juga sering dikaitkan dengan peradangan kronis yang dapat memperburuk limfedema.

 

Kurangnya aktivitas fisik

Limfedema terjadi ketika cairan menumpuk di satu area tubuh. Aktivitas fisik adalah salah satu cara terbaik untuk menggerakkan dan menstimulasi aliran cairan limfe. Gerakan otot kaki terutama memainkan peran penting dalam memperlancar sirkulasi limfatik dengan membantu mendorong cairan limfe melalui pembuluh limfatik.

Pada orang-orang yang memiliki gaya hidup sedenter atau tidak aktif, bisa terjadi penurunan aliran limfe. Akibatnya cairan limfa akan menumpuk di area tertentu dan menyebabkan pembengkakan atau limfedema.

Baca Juga: Waspada Bila Tanda-Tanda ini Muncul, Segera Hentikan Aktivitas Olahraga

 

Masalah pembuluh darah

Pembuluh darah membawa sekitar 80-90 persen cairan ke seluruh tubuh. Oleh karena itu, gangguan pada pembuluh darah baik arteri maupun vena dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan termasuk limfedema. Gangguan pembuluh darah dalam jangka panjang bisa memengaruhi sistem limfatik dan menyebabkan limfedema.

 

Penyakit ginjal

Ginjal memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit dalam tubuh. Ketika fungsi ginjal terganggu atau tidak bisa berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya, ginjal bisa mengalami masalah dalam mengeluarkan kelebihan cairan di tubuh. Penyakit ginjal juga bisa menyebabkan masalah dalam sistem limfatik. Akhirnya, dapat terjadi penumpukan cairan yang bermanifestasi sebagai limfedema.

 

Limfedema juga bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa kondisi kesehatan lain seperti cedera, infeksi, tumor, dan juga masalah jantung. Beberapa jenis pengobatan seperti terapi radiasi untuk kanker dan juga pembedahan juga bisa menyebabkan limfedema.

Pengobatan dan perawatan limfedema tergantung pada kondisi yang menjadi penyebab limfedema dan keparahan gejala. Apabila Anda mengalami pembengkakan dan gejala-gejala limfedema, sebaiknya periksakan diri ke dokter. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Jumat, 22 Maret 2024 | 07:18

Mayo Clinic (2022). Lymphedema. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-20374682 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Lymphedema. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8353-lymphedema 

David Rossiaky (2023). What Is Obesity-Induced Lymphedema?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/obesity/lymphedema-obesity 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Lymphatic System. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21199-lymphatic-system 

James D. Douketis, MD (2022). Lymphedema. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/heart-and-blood-vessel-disorders/lymphatic-disorders/lymphedema 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4609 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4609
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1106 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
      • 0: 2311
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 972
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 10058
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\User
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