Perbedaan Pneumonia dengan Tuberkulosis (TBC)

Perbedaan Pneumonia dengan Tuberkulosis (TBC)
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Pneumonia dan tuberkulosis (TBC) sering kali dianggap sebagai penyakit yang sama karena beberapa memiliki gejala serupa, yaitu batuk. Namun sebenarnya keduanya adalah penyakit yang berbeda sehingga membutuhkan penanganan yang berbeda pula. Apa saja perbedaan pneumonia dan TBC? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Perbedaan Pneumonia dan Tuberkulosis (TBC)

Pneumonia dan TBC yang menyerang paru-paru sering kali ditandai dengan gejala yang sama, yaitu batuk dan dada sesak. Namun keduanya sebenarnya merupakan infeksi yang berbeda.

Pneumonia

Pneumonia adalah infeksi pada paru-paru yang bisa disebabkan oleh bakteri, virus, atau jamur. Infeksi pneumonia menyebabkan jaringan paru-paru membengkak sehingga menyebabkan terbentuknya cairan atau nanah di paru-paru.

Pneumonia yang disebabkan karena bakteri umumnya lebih berat dari infeksi paru-paru yang disebabkan oleh virus. Pada pneumonia yang disebabkan oleh virus, penyakit ini dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya seiring berjalannya waktu. 

Gejala pneumonia bergantung pada penyebabnya. Gejalanya dapat bervariasi, bergantung pada keparahan infeksi yang dialami. Beberapa gejala yang dapat muncul antara lain:

  • Demam tinggi hingga 40º Celcius 
  • Batuk dengan lendir berwarna kuning, hijau, atau berdarah
  • Kelelahan
  • Napas cepat
  • Sesak napas
  • Denyut jantung cepat
  • Berkeringat atau menggigil
  • Nyeri dada dan/atau nyeri perut, terutama saat batuk atau bernapas dalam
  • Kehilangan nafsu makan
  • Batuk kering
  • Sakit kepala
  • Nyeri otot

Pengobatan pneumonia perlu disesuaikan dengan penyebabnya, apakah disebabkan oleh jamur, bakteri, atau virus. Pengobatan pneumonia juga perlu melihat tingkat keparahan penyakit yang dialami. Beberapa pengobatan yang bisa diberikan untuk mengatasi pnemuonia antara lain:

  • Pemberian antibiotik untuk pneumonia bakteri dan antijamur untuk infeksi jamur. Untuk pneumonia virus biasanya tidak diobati dan dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya. Dokter dapat meresepkan antivirus untuk mengurangi keparahan gejala yang dialami. 
  • Terapi oksigen. Pengidap pneumonia umumnya mengalami sesak sehingga membutuhkan terapi oksigen. 
  • Pengurasan cairan. Jika pengidap pneumonia mengalami penumpukan cairan di antara paru-paru dan dinding dada, maka dokter dapat merekomendasikan pengurasan cairan. 
  • Cairan infus. Cairan yang diberikan langsung ke pembuluh vena (IV) untuk mengobati atau mencegah dehidrasi.

Baca Juga: Pengobatan Rumahan untuk Meredakan Gejala Pneumonia

Tuberkulosis (TBC)

Tuberkulosis adalah infeksi bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis yang juga dikenal sebagai TB atau TBC. Berbeda dengan penyakit pneumonia yang hanya menyerang paru-paru, TBC, meskipun paling umum menyerang paru-paru, namun penyakit ini juga dapat menyerang organ lainnya seperti otak, ginjal, dan kelenjar lainnya. 

Penyakit tuberkulosis berkembang dalam tiga tahap, yaitu:

  • Infeksi primer, yaitu ketika seseorang terinfeksi TBC pertama kali
  • Infeksi TB laten, yaitu gejala atau infeksi tampak seperti hilang tapi bakteri sebenarnya bersifat dorman atau tidur di dalam tubuh
  • Penyakit TB aktif dan menunjukkan gejala

Baca Juga: 7 Jenis Pneumonia, Apa Perbedaannya?

Pengidap TB laten tidak menunjukkan gejala, namun jika dilakukan pemeriksaan darah, mereka dapat menunjukkan hasil tes positif. Beberapa gejala yang dapat muncul pada pengidap TB antara lain:

  • Batuk parah (berlangsung lebih dari dua minggu)
  • Nyeri di dada
  • Batuk berdarah atau berdahak
  • Kelelahan atau lemas
  • Kehilangan nafsu makan
  • Penurunan berat badan
  • Menggigil
  • Demam
  • Keringat di malam hari

Bakteri TBC merupakan bakteri yang sulit dikendalikan sehingga membutuhkan pengobatan dalam waktu lama. Pengobatan TBC dapat berlangsung selama 4, 6, atau 9 bulan. Dokter akan menentukan obat mana yang terbaik untuk Anda. Beberapa jenis obat-obatan yang dapat diberikan untuk penyakit TBC antara lain:

  • Isoniazid
  • Rifampisin 
  • Rifabutin
  • Rifapentine 
  • Pirazinamid
  • Etambutol
  •  
  •  

Meski sama-sama menyerang paru-paru, namun penyakit pneumonia berbeda dengan TBC. Selain menyerang paru-paru, TBC juga dapat menyerang organ lainnya. Beberapa jenis pneumonia dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya namun TBC membutuhkan pengobatan rutin dalam jangka waktu tertentu. 

Jika Anda mengalami gejala yang dicurigai pneumonia atau TBC, sebaiknya periksakan ke dokter untuk mendapatkan penanganan yang sesuai. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fasilitas konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang tersedia pada App Store atau Play Store


Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 14 Oktober 2024 | 12:12

Mayo Clinic. Pneumobia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354204

American Lung Association. Pneumonia Symptoms and Diagnosis. Available from: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/pneumonia/symptoms-and-diagnosis

Cleveland Clinic. Pneumonia. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4471-pneumonia

Tuberculosis. Mayo Clinic. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/tuberculosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351250

Cleveland Clinic. TUberculosis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/11301-tuberculosis

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.94msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1241 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1840 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1971 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.25msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2667 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2667
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.71msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9756 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9756
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.9msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 92 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 92
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new930μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 1 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.83msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9725 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7519
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 6742
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.05msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3046 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3046
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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