Kreatinin, Prosedur Pemeriksaan Fungsi Ginjal

Kreatinin, Prosedur Pemeriksaan Fungsi Ginjal
Credit: Freepik

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Organ ginjal dalam tubuh kita berfungsi untuk mengolah limbah dari darah. Dengan melihat limbah hasil pemeriksaan ginjal, Anda dapat mengetahui apakah organ ginjal berfungsi secara normal atau tidak. Pemeriksaan limbah ginjal tersebut dikenal dengan pemeriksaan kreatinin yang dilakukan dengan mengukur kadar kreatinin dalam darah.

 

Apa Itu Pemeriksaan Kreatinin?

Kreatinin adalah salah satu zat limbah yang dikeluarkan olah ginjal dari dalam tubuh. Pemeriksaan kreatinin dilakukan untuk memeriksa fungsi ginjal. Kadar kreatinin yang tinggi menunjukkan bahwa ginjal rusak dan tidak berfungsi dengan baik.

Pemeriksaan kreatinin biasanya dlakukan jika pasien menunjukkan gejala penyakit ginjal. Beberapa gejala yang dialami pasien, antara lain:

  • Badan lelah dan lemas
  • Gangguan tidur
  • Nafsu makan berkurang
  • Pembengkakan di wajah, lengan, engkel dan abdomen
  • Nyeri punggung bawah di sekitar area ginjal
  • Perubahan frekuensi urine
  • Tekanan darah tinggi
  • Mual, muntah

Pemeriksaan kreatinin umumnya dilakukan bersama pemeriksaan lainnya termasuk pemeriksaan kadar ureum atau tes nitrogen urea darah untuk memeriksa penyakit tertentu dan memeriksa apakah ada masalah dalam fungsi ginjal.

 

Baca Juga: Bagaimana Tekanan Darah Tinggi bisa Menyebabkan Gagal Ginjal?

 

Prosedur Pemeriksaan Kreatinin

Pemeriksaan kreatinin dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu tes darah dan urine. Sebelum pemeriksaan, Anda akan diminta untuk berpuasa semalaman dan berhenti mengonsumsi daging karena dapat memengaruhi hasil pemeriksaan. Selain itu Anda juga diminta untuk berhenti memakai beberapa obat-obatan tertentu, seperti:

  • Cimetidine
  • Obat-obatan yang merusak ginjal
  • Obat non-steroid anti inflamasi (NSAIDS)
  • Trimethoprim
  • Aminoglikosida

Pada pemeriksaan kreatinin menggunakan tes urine, dianjurkan untuk mengumpulkan urine pada pagi hari setelah bangun tidur dan catat waktunya. Simpan urine dalam wadah selama 24 jam ke depan di dalam lemari es. Setelah disimpan, berikan sampel tersebut ke laboratorium untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan.

Sementara itu untuk tes darah, perawat akan mengambil sejumlah sampel darah untuk dimasukkan ke dalam tabung. Prosedur ini tidak berbeda dengan pemeriksaan darah lainnya dan hanya memakan waktu kurang dari lima menit.

 

Baca Juga: Peradangan pada Ginjal (Glomerulonefritis), Seperti apa Gejalanya? 

 

Cara Membaca Hasil Pemeriksaan Kreatinin

Tes Urine

Normalnya, kadar kreatinin dalam urine yang sudah dikumpulkan selama 24 jam berkisar antara 500-2000 mg per hari. Hasil dapat berbeda-beda tergantung pada usia dan jumlah massa tubuh tanpa lemak. Kadar kreatinin pada wanita umumnya lebih rendah dari pria karena wanita memiliki massa otot yang lebih sedikit.

  • Untuk pria, hasil pemeriksaan kreatinin normal umumnya menunjukkan hasil 14-26 mg/kg massa tubuh per hari atau 123,8-229,8 µmol/kg per hari.
  • Untuk wanita, hasil pemeriksaan kreatinin normal menunjukkan hasil 11-20 mg/kg massa tubuh per hari atau sekitar 97,2-176,8 µmol/kg per hari.

Perlu diketahui angka normal kreatinin dalam urine bisa berbeda-beda pada setiap laboratorium. Beberapa laboratorium dapat memakai pengukuran atau sampel yang berbeda, untuk itu sebaiknya konsultasikan dengan dokter mengenai hasil pemeriksaan Anda.

 

Tes Darah

Pada tes kreatinin melalui tes darah, kadar kreatinin dikategorikan normal jika berada dalam kisaran angka berikut:

  • 0,6 – 1,2 mg/dL pada pasien pria dewasa
  • 0,5 – 1,1 mg/dL pada pasien wanita

Jika kadar kreatinin Anda di atas batas normal, dapat diartikan sedang memiliki masalah ginjal. Ada beberapa faktor yang dapat memengaruhi hasil kreatinin di antaranya dehidrasi, sedang menggunakan obat tertentu dan volume darah rendah. Dokter dapat merekomendasikan pemeriksaan ginjal lainnya jika kadar kreatinin Anda di atas normal.

Beberapa penyakit yang dapat diindikasikan dengan hasil kreatinin tinggi, antara lain:

  • Glomerulonefritis
  • Infeksi ginjal (pielonefritis)
  • Penyakit kandung kemih
  • Peradangan ginjal
  • Rabdomiolisis

 

Pemeriksaan kreatinin biasanya dilakukan jika dokter menduga Anda mengalami masalah pada ginjal. Hasil pengukuran kreatinin dapat berbeda-beda antara satu laboratorium dengan yang lain, untuk itu konsultasikan kembali hasil pemeriksaan dengan dokter. Anda juga dapat memanfaatkan layanan aplikasi Ai Care untuk berkonsultasi. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 13:55

Mayo Clinic. Creatinine Test. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/creatinine-test/about/pac-20384646#

Medline Plus. Creatinine Test. Availabel from: https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/creatinine-test/

Roth, E. (2019). Creatinin Blood Test. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/creatinine-blood

Hofman, M. (2022). Creatinine Test. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/creatinine-and-creatinine-clearance-blood-tests

 

Cleveland Clinic. Creatinine Clearance Test. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/16380-creatinine-clearance-test

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.78msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5369 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5369
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.57msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5492 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5492
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.48msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10072 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10072
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.67msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7103 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.53msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6819 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6819
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.53msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1659 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1659
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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