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Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Diabetes Gestasional (Diabetes Selama Kehamilan)

Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Diabetes Gestasional (Diabetes Selama Kehamilan)
Credits: Freepik

Bagikan :


Diabetes gestasional adalah kondisi di mana gula darah menjadi tinggi selama kehamilan. Biasanya diabetes kehamilan terjadi di trimester kedua atau ketiga.

Diabetes gestasional dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan dan komplikasi baik bagi ibu maupun janin, misalnya seperti risiko diabetes tipe 2 pada ibu hamil, preeklamsia, infeksi saluran kemih, berat badan lahir rendah, makrosomia (berat badan janin berlebihan), cacat tabung saraf, hipoglikemia pada janin, dan meningkatnya kebutuhan operasi sesar.

Penting untuk mengetahui penyebab dan faktor risiko diabetes gestasional sehingga Anda bisa mencegah dan menghindarinya.

 

Penyebab Diabetes Gestasional

Sebenarnya penyebab pasti diabetes gestasional tidak diketahui dengan jelas. Para peneliti beranggapan bahwa perubahan hormonal selama kehamilan mengubah cara tubuh mengubah makanan menjadi energi.

Selama kehamilan insulin mungkin tidak bekerja dengan baik, atau tubuh tidak memiliki cukup insulin akibatnya gula akan menumpuk di dalam darah dan menyebabkan diabetes.

 

Baca Juga: Makanan yang Boleh dan Tak Boleh Dimakan Bila Menderita Diabetes Gestasional

 

Faktor Risiko Diabetes Gestasional

Selain perubahan hormonal dan masalah insulin, ada beberapa faktor yang meningkatkan kemungkinan diabetes gestasional, di antaranya:

Obesitas

Obesitas selama kehamilan meningkatkan berbagai masalah kesehatan seperti hipertensi kehamilan, preeklamsia, sleep apnea, dan juga diabetes kehamilan. Obesitas sering dikaitkan dengan resistansi insulin, di mana sel-sel tubuh tidak mersespons insulin dengan baik.

Ketika resistansi insulin terjadi, tubuh membutuhkan jumlah insulin yang lebih besar untuk mengontrol gula darah. Sayangnya, selama kehamilan tubuh mungkin tidak mampu merespons insulin dengan baik yang menyebabkan peningkatan kadar gula darah.

 

PCOS

Wanita dengan PCOS memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengembangkan diabetes gestasional, diabetes tipe 2 dan juga penyakit jantung. Sama seperti obesitas, PCOS juga sering terkait dengan resistansi insulin. Wanita dengan PCOS juga biasanya mengalami obesitas, yang meningkatkan risiko dua kali lipat akan diabetes gestasional.

 

Riwayat genetik

Riwayat genetik keluarga memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan risiko diabetes gestasional. Apabila ada anggota keluarga yang menderita diabetes tipe 2 atau diabetes gestasional, maka risiko untuk mengalaminya juga meningkat.

Diabetes gestasional juga mungkin berulang bila di kehamilan sebelumnya seseorang menderita diabetes gestasional.

 

Kurangnya aktivitas fisik

Hamil bukan berarti hanya duduk diam atau berbaring. Apabila Anda memiliki kehamilan sehat dan tidak bermasalah, maka Anda bisa tetap menjalani aktivitas fisik dan berolahraga rutin. Aktivitas fisik membantu meningkatkan sensitivitas tubuh terhadap insulin, membantu mengontrol berat badan, membantu mengatur kadar gula darah dan membantu mengelola stres yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap pengendalian gula darah yang lebih baik.

Penting untuk dicatat, Anda perlu berkonsultasi terlebih dahulu dengan dokter bila ingin tetap aktif berolahraga. Minta rekomendasi olahraga yang aman bagi kehamilan sesuai kondisi Anda.

 

Baca Juga: Ini Bahayanya Bagi Janin Bila Ibu Terkena Diabetes Kehamilan (Diabetes Gestasional)

 

Kenali Gejala Diabetes Gestasional

Sama halnya dengan diabetes tipe 2, diabetes gestasional biasanya tidak disertai gejala apa pun. Namun, beberapa orang mungkin lebih sering buang air kecil, mual, mudah merasa haus dan mudah merasa lelah.

Karena gejala diabetes gestasional terlalu umum, Anda perlu menjalani pemeriksaan kadar gula darah rutin untuk memantau kadar gula darah Anda.

Lakukan pemeriksaan kadar gula darah rutin sejak trimester kedua kehamilan, khususnya jika Anda memiliki faktor risiko yang disebutkan di atas. Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan terkait kadar gula darah dan gejala kehamilan yang tidak biasa dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 15 September 2023 | 03:08

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Gestational Diabetes. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9012-gestational-diabetes 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Gestational diabetes. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gestational-diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20355339 

American College of Obstreticians and Gynecologists (2023). Obesity and Pregnancy. Available from: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/obesity-and-pregnancy 

CDC (2022). PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) and Diabetes. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/pcos.html 

Cecile Monod, et all (2023). Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with a family history of type 2 diabetes in first- and second-degree relatives. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36508047/ 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.67msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2361 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2361
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9590 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9590
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.72msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3510 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3510
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7874 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.3msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8474 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8474
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.28msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 181 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 181
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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