Ketahui Bahayanya Gagal Napas Akut (ARDS)

Ketahui Bahayanya Gagal Napas Akut (ARDS)
Credits: Freepik. Kondisi gagal napas akut dapat menyebabkan timbulnya beberapa komplikasi.

Bagikan :


Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) dikenal juga dengan istilah gagal napas akut. Sindrom gangguan pernapasan akut ini terjadi ketika cairan menumpuk di kantung udara paru-paru (alveoli).

Apa dampaknya bagi tubuh bila ada terlalu banyak cairan menumpuk di alveoli? Ketahui pula bahaya gagal napas akut ini bagi tubuh.

 

Tanda-Tanda Gagal Napas Akut (ARDS)

Gejala gagal napas akut bisa beragam, tergantung pada penyebab dan keparahannya. Adapun gejala umum yang biasanya terlihat di antaranya:

  • Sesak napas parah
  • Pernapasan yang cepat dan pendek
  • Denyut jantung meningkat 
  • Kuku atau bibir tampak kebiruan
  • Tekanan darah rendah
  • Kebingungan dan kelelahan ekstrem

Baca Juga: Latihan Pernapasan yang Bisa Dilakukan Setelah Sembuh dari Covid-19

 

Bagaimana Terjadinya ARDS di Dalam Tubuh

Secara umum dikatakan bahwa ARDS bisa terjadi ketika paru-paru tidak terisi udara dengan cukup. Artinya terdapat lebih sedikit oksigen yang ada di dalam aliran darah.

Pada tahap awal, cairan dari pembuluh darah terkecil di paru-paru mulai bocor ke alveoli. Kebocoran ini menyebabkan paru-paru menjadi lebih kecil dan kaku sehingga Anda dapat mengalami kesulitan untuk bernapas.

Kebocoran tersebut diikuti dengan penurunan oksigen di dalam darah yang disebut hipoksemia. Saat kadar oksigen di dalam tubuh menjadi terlalu rendah, organ di dalam tubuh tidak dapat berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Pada akhirnya kondisi ini membahayakan otak dan jaringan lain serta dapat menyebabkan kegagalan organ.

 

Komplikasi dan Bahaya ARDS

Gagal napas akut atau ARDS dapat berkembang menjadi komplikasi kesehatan lain di antaranya:

Pembekuan darah

Pasien ARDS pada umumnya membutuhkan bantuan alat ventilator agar mendapatkan akses oksigen dan mempermudah pernapasan. Berbaring diam di rumah sakit dan menggunakan ventilator meningkatkan risiko pembekuan darah terutama di pembuluh darah kaki.

Pembekuan darah tesebut dapat pecah dan berpindah ke salah satu atau kedua paru-paru yang kemudian menghalangi aliran darah.

 

Pneumotoraks

Pneumotoraks dapat terjadi ketika udara menumpuk di antara pleura. Pleura adalah selaput tipis yang melapisi paru-paru dan dinding dada. Pada sebagian besar pasien ARDS, pneumotoraks disebabkan oleh adanya tekanan dan volume udara dari ventilator yang berlebihan sehingga berisiko menyebabkan paru-paru kolaps.

Baca Juga: Mengenal Pneumokoniosis, Penyakit Paru yang Kerap Menyerang Pekerja Tambang, Industri atau Bangunan

 

Infeksi

Penggunaan ventilator membantu pasien ARDS untuk bisa mendapatkan akses oksigen, namun tabung yang dimasukkan ke tenggorokan juga dapat membuat kuman lebih mudah menginfeksi paru-paru.

 

Fibrosis paru

Secara teknis, fibrosis paru berarti menebalnya atau terbentuknya jaringan parut di paru-paru. Jaringan parut ini dapat timbul dalam beberapa minggu setelah terjadinya ARDS. 

Terbentuknya jaringan parut dapat mengakibatkan kekakuan pada paru-paru dan membuatnya kurang efisien dalam mengalirkan oksigen ke dalam darah. Paru-paru juga lebih sulit mengembang sehingga butuh upaya lebih keras untuk bernapas.

 

Gagal napas dapat disebabkan banyak hal, salah satunya adalah pneumonia dan infeksi Covid-19 yang berat. Untuk mencegah berkembangnya gejala pneumonia dan Covid-19, konsultasikan keluhan dengan dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care atau periksakan diri ke fasilitas kesehatan terdekat. Pengobatan dini dapat membantu mencegah keparahan penyakit Anda.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 22 Mei 2023 | 15:53

Mayo Clinic (2022). ARDS. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ards/symptoms-causes/syc-20355576 

American Lung Association (2022). Learn About ARDS. Available from: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/ards/learn-about-ards 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Hypoxemia. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17727-hypoxemia 

Catherine L. McKnight (2023). Pneumothorax. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441885/ 

American Lung Association (2022). 7 Things Everyone Should Know about Pulmonary Fibrosis. Available from: https://www.lung.org/blog/7-things-know-pulmonary-fibrosis 

Mayo Clinic (2020). Pneumonia. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/symptoms-causes/syc-20354204 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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