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Mengenal Pneumotoraks, Kondisi Ketika Paru-Paru Mengempis

Mengenal Pneumotoraks, Kondisi Ketika Paru-Paru Mengempis
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Fungsi paru-paru adalah sebagai tempat terjadinya pertukaran oksigen dari udara dengan karbon dioksida dari darah. Ketika otot diafragma berkontraksi rongga dada membesar, dan udara masuk ke paru-paru. Namun pada pneumotoraks, udara masuk ke rongga pleura sehingga paru-paru mengempis.

 

Apa Itu Pneumotoraks?

Pneumotoraks dikenal juga dengan paru-paru kempis. Penyakit ini terjadi ketika ada udara yang bocor ke rongga pleura. Pleura adalah selaput tipis antara paru-paru dan dinding dada. Udara yang masuk ke rongga pleura akan menumpuk dan menekan paru-paru sehingga menyebabkan paru-paru kempis.

Paru-paru kempis dapat terjadi pada salah satu atau kedua paru-paru. Jika Anda mengalami gejala pneumotoraks, sebaiknya segera periksakan ke dokter karena kondisi ini umumnya membutuhkan perawatan medis segera.

 

Baca Juga: Bagaimana Ciri-Ciri Paru-Paru yang Tidak Sehat?

 

Penyebab Pneumotoraks

Berdasarkan penyebabnya, pneumotoraks dapat disebabkan menjadi tiga penyebab utama, yaitu kecelakaan, kondisi medis dan faktor gaya hidup. Pneumotoraks yang disebabkan oleh kondisi medis atau hal lain yang tidak diawali oleh cedera dikenal dengan pneumotoraks non-trauma, sedangkan pneumotoraks yang disebabkan oleh cedera disebut dengan pneumotoraks trauma.

 

Pneumotoraks non-trauma

Penyakit atau gangguan medis tertentu dapat menyebabkan mengempisnya paru-paru, seperti:

  • Asma
  • Pneumonia
  • Penyakit paru obstruktif kronis (PPOK)
  • Emfisema
  • Kanker paru-paru
  • Tuberkulosis

Selain karena penyakit, mengempisnya paru-paru juga dapat disebabkan oleh faktor gaya hidup seperti merokok, penggunaan obat-obatan hirup, kegiatan yang melibatkan perubahan tekanan udara seperti naik pesawat dan hobi menyelam.

 

Pneumotoraks trauma

Pneumotoraks juga dapat disebabkan oleh cedera. Beberapa cedera yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya pneumotorkas trauma, antara lain:

  • Cedera benda tumpul
  • Luka tembak
  • Tusukan paru-paru selama prosedur medis seperti biopsi
  • Luka tusuk

 

Baca Juga: Mandi Malam Dapat Menyebabkan Paru-Paru Basah, Mitos atau Fakta?

 

Gejala Pneumotoraks

Adanya udara di rongga pleura menghalangi paru-paru untuk mengembang ketika menarik napas. Gejala yang sering dialami, antara lain:

  • Sesak napas
  • Nyeri dada seperti tertusuk dan memburuk ketika menarik napas panjang atau terbatuk
  • Batuk
  • Jantung berdebar
  • Badan lemas dan mudah lelah
  • Kulit kebiruan karena kurang oksigen

Pada pneumotoraks trauma, gejala dapat muncul dan berkembang sewaktu-waktu ketika pasien beraktivitas seperti tidur, atau terjaga.

 

Penanganan Pneumotoraks

Penanganan pneumotoraks dilakukan dengan tujuan mengurangi tekanan pada paru-paru agar dapat berkembang normal untuk mengambil udara. Selain itu penanganan pneumotoraks juga dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya kembali penyakit ini.

Beberapa penanganan yang dapat dilakukan untuk menangani pneumotoraks, antara lain:

 

Observasi

Apabila pneumotoraks yang dialami pasien termasuk ringan dan tidak ada gangguan pernapasan berat, biasanya dokter akan melakukan observasi dengan pemeriksaan rontgen berkala. Jika pasien terasa sesak, dokter akan memberikan bantuan oksigen.

Jika sebagian besar paru-paru mengempis, dokter akan mengeluarkan kumpulan udara di rongga pleura dengan cara berikut:

 

Aspirasi jarum

Dokter akan memasukkan jarum berongga dengan tabung kateter dimasukkan di antara tulang rusuk ke dalam ruang berisi udara yang menekan paru-paru. Kemudian dokter mencabut jarum tersebut, menempelkan jarum suntik ke kateter dan mengeluarkan kelebihan udara.

 

Pemasangan chest tube

Jika pneumotoraks pasien lebih besar, dokter akan memasang chest tube di dada untuk mengurangi udara di ruang pleura. Saat tekanan udara menurun, paru-paru akan mengembang kembali. Dokter mungkin akan merekomendasikan pemasangan chest tube selama beberapa hari.

 

Operasi

Operasi akan dilakukan jika cara lain tidak dapat mengembalikan fungsi paru secara optimal. Operasi dilakukan untuk memperbaiki bagian paru-paru yang bocor. Jika kondisi cukup parah, dokter dapat merekomendasikan pengangkatan paru-paru yang kempis.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 15:06

Mayo Clinic. Pneumothorax. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumothorax/symptoms-causes/syc-20350367#

Cleveland Clinic. Collapled Lung (Pneumothorax). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15304-collapsed-lung-pneumothorax

Asthma+Lung UK. Pneumothorax (collapsed lung). Available from:https://www.blf.org.uk/support-for-you/pneumothorax

 

John Hopkins Medicine. Pneumothorax. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/pneumothorax

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      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new1.27msselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 6 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.42msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7261 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7261
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.55msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9199 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9199
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.31msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9683 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9683
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.47msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1375 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9175
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7819 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7819
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8456 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8456
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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