Ketahui Apa itu Lupus Nefritis dan Gejalanya

Ketahui Apa itu Lupus Nefritis dan Gejalanya
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Lupus atau disebut juga lupus eritematosus sistemik (LES) adalah penyakit autoimun di mana sistem kekebalan tubuh yang seharusnya melindungi tubuh justru menyerang jaringan dan organ tubuhnya sendiri. Lupus dapat memengaruhi berbagai jaringan tubuh termasuk kulit, sendi, jantung, paru-paru, otak, sel darah dan ginjal.

Saat lupus memengaruhi ginjal maka disebut dengan lupus nefritis. Dengan kondisi ini, ginjal akan mengalami peradangan yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan ginjal yang progresif. Apabila tidak diobati maka gagal ginjal dapat terjadi.

 

Penyebab Lupus Nefritis

Sama seperti penyakit lupus pada umumnya, para ahli tidak bisa memastikan apa penyebab lupus nefritis. Namun, ada beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi perkembangan penyakit ini, di antaranya:

Genetika

Genetika memainkan peran penting dalam risiko lupus, termasuk lupus nefritis. Orang dengan riwayat penyakit lupus lebih berisiko tinggi mengembangkan penyakit ini.

Hormon

Faktor hormon memainkan peran dalam perkembangan lupus. Wanita lebih sering terkena lupus daripada pria. Gejala lupus mungkin meningkat saat kadar estrogen lebih tinggi.

Lingkungan

Beberapa faktor lingkungan seperti paparan asap rokok, silika, air raksa, sinar UV dari matahari, dan infeksi virus seperti Epstein-Barr meningkatkan risiko lupus nefritis.

Stres

Stres kronis dapat memengaruhi sistem kekebalan tubuh termasuk melemahkan respons imun tubuh. Pada saat yang sama, lupus juga dapat menyebabkan sistem kekebalan tubuh menyerang jaringan dan organ tubuhnya sendiri.

Meskipun stres memainkan peran penting dalam perkembangan lupus, namun tidak semua stres dapat memicu gejala lupus. Pengelolaan stres yang baik dapat menurunkan risiko terhadap lupus atau kondisi kesehatan lainnya.

 

Baca Juga: Apakah Penyakit Lupus Menular? Begini Penjelasannya

 

Gejala Lupus Nefritis

Lupus nefritis memicu peradangan di ginjal yang dapat menyebabkan beberapa gejala di antaranya:

  • Adanya darah di urine
  • Urine berbusa akibat terlalu banyak protein yang bocor
  • Tekanan darah tinggi
  • Pembengkakan di kaki, pergelangan kaki, tangan ataupun wajah
  • Tingginya kreatinin di dalam darah

Sangat penting untuk memperhatikan semua gejala tersebut dan kemudian mendapatkan pemeriksaan dokter. Lupus nefritis yang tidak mendapatkan pengobatan dapat berkembang menjadi komplikasi serius seperti hipertensi, gagal ginjal, meningkatnya risiko kanker, meningkatnya risiko penyakit jantung dan pembuluh darah.

 

Baca Juga: Mengapa Pengidap Lupus Sebaiknya Menghindari Paparan Sinar Matahari?

 

Hidup dengan Penyakit Lupus Nefritis

Hidup dengan penyakit autoimun seperti lupus nefritis bisa menjadi tantangan tersendiri. Penyakit ini memang tidak bisa diobati dan disembuhkan, namun dengan manajemen yang tepat dan perubahan gaya hidup, Anda masih bisa menjalani hidup seperti biasa.

Bila dokter mendiagnosis lupus nefritis maka Anda perlu memahami tentang penyakit Anda dan juga mengubah pola hidup sehat sebagai berikut:

  • Mencukupi kebutuhan cairan dan menjaga tubuh tetap terhidrasi
  • Mengonsumsi makanan rendah kadar garam terutama bila memiliki riwayat atau keluarga dengan riwayat hipertensi
  • Menghindari rokok dan minum minuman beralkohol
  • Berolahraga rutin
  • Mengelola tekanan darah dengan baik
  • Mengelola kadar kolesterol darah
  • Menghindari obat-obatan yang dapat memengaruhi ginjal misalnya seperti golongan NSAID

Orang dengan penyakit lupus, termasuk lupus nefritis bisa hidup normal seperti orang lain pada umumnya, asalkan mengelola penyakit dengan baik dan menjalani pola hidup sehat. Diskusikan dengan dokter apa saja yang perlu Anda lakukan bila menderita penyakit lupus nefritis. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 27 Oktober 2023 | 04:34

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Lupus Nephritis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21809-lupus-nephritis 

Mayo Clinic (2023). Lupus nephritis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lupus-nephritis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354335 

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease (2022). Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Lupus). Available from: https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/lupus 

Mary Anne Dunkin (2023). Lupus Nephritis. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lupus/lupus-nephritis 

William C. Shiel Jr. MD, FACP, FACR. Does Stress Affect Lupus?. Available from: https://www.emedicinehealth.com/does_stress_affect_lupus/article_em.htm 

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.49msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3697 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.09msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9159 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9159
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.7msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3171 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3171
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.26msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7277 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7277
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.22msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7069 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.37msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9706 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.59msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7962 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.46msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9307 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9307
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.54msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9051 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9051
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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