Catat Ya, Ini Gejala Umum Saat Terserang GERD

Catat Ya, Ini Gejala Umum Saat Terserang GERD

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GERD atau singkatan dari Gastroesophageal reflux disease bukanlah penyakit yang baru, namun memang akhir-akhir ini semakin populer karena banyak orang yang mengeluhkannya.

Normalnya, pada jalur yang menghubungkan mulut dan perut ada sebuah katup yang disebut lower esophageal sphincter. Katup tersebut akan terbuka saat makanan akan masuk ke perut, dan menutup saat makanan mulai masuk ke perut dan untuk mencegah cairan asam lambung kembali ke kerongkongan. Refluks asam lambung bisa terjadi ketika katup ini melemah atau dalam kondisi rileks yang seharusnya tidak terjadi, sehingga memungkinkan isi perut kembali mengalir ke kerongkongan.

 

Gejala GERD

Dilansir Mayo Clinic, berikut adalah gejala GERD secara umum:

  • Rasa terbakar di dada khususnya setelah makan dan akan memburuk saat malam hari.
  • Rasa sakit di dada.
  • Kesulitan menelan.
  • Memuntahkan kembali makanan atau cairan asam.
  • Ada sensasi seperti benjolan di tenggorokan.

Ketika gejala GERD datang di malam hari, umumnya akan disertai dengan kondisi lain seperti:

  • Batuk kronis.
  • Laringitis (infeksi kerongkongan).
  • Sesak napas.
  • Kesulitan tidur.

 

Faktor Risiko GERD

Terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya GERD, antara lain:

  • Obesitas.
  • Hiatal hernia.
  • Kehamilan.
  • Penyakit jaringan ikat, seperti skleroderma.
  • Keterlambatan pengosongan perut.
  • Kebiasaan merokok.
  • Makan dalam porsi yang terlalu banyak.
  • Terlalu banyak makan makanan berlemak atau gorengan.
  • Minum minuman beralkohol atau kopi.
  • Konsumsi obat tertentu seperti aspirin.

 

Komplikasi GERD

Apabila dibiarkan berlarut-larut, GERD dapat menyebabkan peradangan kronis pada esofagus, diantaranya:

  • Penyempitan esofagus - kerusakan pada esofagus bagian bawah akibat naiknya cairan asam lambung yang dapat menyebabkan jaringan parut terbentuk.
  • Luka terbuka esofagus - asam lambung dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jaringan esofagus dan menyebabkan luka terbuka. Luka pada esofagus dapat berdarah, menimbulkan rasa sakit dan kesulitan untuk menelan.
  • Kondisi pra-kanker esofagus - kerusakan akibat asam lambung dapat menyebabkan penipisan dinding esofagus dan memicu risiko kanker esofagus.

 

Diagnosa GERD

Dilansir Healthline, untuk mengetahui apakah kondisi GERD Anda termasuk pada gejala ringan, sedang atau berat, dokter akan melakukan beberapa pemeriksaan fisik, antara lain:

  • Pemeriksaan pH - sebuah pipa kecil akan dimasukkan melalui hidung ke dalam kerongkongan, pada ujung pipa tersebut ada alat untuk mengukur pH di dalam kerongkongan.
  • Esophogram - adalah pemeriksaan sinar-X setelah minum cairan tertentu, untuk memeriksa saluran pencernaan bagian atas.
  • Upper endoscopy - dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan pipa kecil dengan kamera di ujungnya untuk memeriksa kondisi dan mengambil sample jaringan bila diperlukan.
  • Manometri Esofagus - memasukkan pipa kecil melalui hidung untuk mengukur kekuatan otot esofagus.
  • Pemantauan pH Esofagus (Esophageal pH monitoring) - memasukkan pipa ke dalam esofagus untuk mengukur tingkat keasaman di dalam lambung.

 

Perawatan dan Pengobatan GERD

Pengobatan GERD, seperti dilansir WebMD bertujuan untuk mengurangi jumlah cairan asam lambung yang naik ke kerongkongan atau mengurangi kerusakan pada lapisan kerongkongan.

Dokter akan memberikan beberapa jenis obat, antara lain:

  • Antasid - adalah obat yang digunakan untuk menetralkam asam di kerongkongan dan lambung, dan untuk menghentikan rasa terbakar di dada. Obat ini sebaiknya tidak dikonsumsi jangka panjang karena dapat menyebabkan diare, mengganggu metabolisme kalsium, dan dapat menyebabkan penumpukan magnesium di dalam tubuh.
  • H2 blockers - obat ini digunakan untuk GERD kronis dan mengurangi rasa terbakar di dada, serta mengurangi produksi asam lambung di dalam perut.
  • Penghambat Pipa Proton (Proton pump inhibitors) - adalah obat yang berfungsi memblokir protein yang dibutuhkan untuk memproduksi asam lambung . Contoh obat ini atara lain dexlansoprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, omeprazole/sodium bicarbonate, pantoprazole, dan rabeprazole.
  • Prokinetik - pada kasus langka, obat ini bisa digunakan untuk membantu mengosongkan isi perut lebih cepat sehingga tidak ada sisa cairan asam lambung yang tertinggal. Obat ini juga dapat meredakan kembung, mual dan muntah.

Pada beberapa kasus yang berat, dokter akan menyarankan Anda menjalani pembedahan, misalnya seperti fundoplication atau prosedur bariatric. Namun sebelum Anda jauh melangkah, periksakan gejala GERD yang Anda rasakan saat ini, sehingga dokter bisa membantu dengan memberikan obat-obatan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 14:07

Mayo Clinic (2020). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/gerd/symptoms-causes/syc-20361940

Hansa D. Bhargava, MD (2020). GERD. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/heartburn-gerd/guide/reflux-disease-gerd-1

Jessica DiGiacinto (2021). Everything You Need to Know About Acid Reflux and GERD. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/gerd

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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