Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Kanker Kulit

Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Kanker Kulit
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Kanker kulit adalah salah satu jenis kanker yang umum ditemui di seluruh dunia. Kanker kulit dapat memiliki konsekuensi serius jika tidak diobati atau dideteksi terlambat. Apabila jenis kanker kulit lebih ganas misalnya seperti melanoma, kanker bisa dengan mudah menyebar ke bagian tubuh lain dan menyebabkan pengobatan menjadi lebih sulit.

 

Penyebab dan Faktor Risiko Kanker Kulit

Kanker kulit terjadi ketika ada perubahan dalam pertumbuhan sel-sel kulit yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor dan penyebab, di antaranya:

Paparan sinar UV

Radiasi sinar UV dapat menyebabkan kerusakan DNA pada sel kulit yang berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan kanker kulit. Paparan sinar UV berlebihan terutama tanpa perlindungan juga meningkatkan risiko terkena kanker kulit, misalnya orang yang gemar menggunakan tanning bed atau berkegiatan di bawah sinar matahari langsung tanpa menggunakan tabir surya.

 

Kulit berwarna cerah

Kanker kulit bisa menyerang siapa saja tanpa memandang warna kulit. Namun, kadar melanin dalam warna kulit memainkan peran penting dalam melindungi kulit dari radiasi sinar UV. Artinya, orang dengan memiliki kadar melanin rendah seperti kulit berwarna cerah lebih berisiko terhadap kanker kulit.

Melanin adalah pigmen yang memberikan warna pada kulit, rambut dan mata. Jika kadar melanin dalam kulit makin besar,maka perlindungan terhadap radiasi UV-pun makin besar.

 

Baca Juga: 5 Kebiasaan Baik untuk Mencegah Kanker Kulit

 

Riwayat sunburn

Sunburn atau luka bakar matahari adalah reaksi peradangan yang terjadi akibat paparan sinar UV berlebih baik dari sinar matahari atau tanning bed. Sunburn terjadi di lapisan terluar kulit (epidermis) yang dapat memiliki dampak negatif bagi kesehatan kulit.

Sunburn merupakan tanda bahwa kulit telah mengalami kerusakan akibat paparan sinar matahari berlebih. Kerusakan terus-menerus pada kulit pada gilirannya dapat menyebabkan perubahan dan perkembangan kanker kulit.

 

Tinggal di daerah dengan paparan sinar matahari berlebih

Daerah yang memiliki intensitas sinar matahari yang tinggi, terutama daerah ekuator cenderung memiliki paparan sinar UV yang lebih kuat dan berlebihan. Daerah yang lebih tinggi di atas permukaan laut, paparan sinar UV-nya juga lebih intens sehingga risiko kanker kulit meningkat.

 

Tahi lalat yang terlalu banyak

Tahi lalat adalah area kulit yang lebih gelap karena sel yang menghasilkan pigmen melanin (melanosit) berkumpul di sana. Orang yang memiliki tahi lalat terlalu banyak atau tahi lalat abnormal lebih berisiko terkena kanker kulit.

Tahi lalat yang memiliki ciri-ciri bentuk tidak simetris, tepi yang tidak rata dan berubah warna memiliki risiko yang lebih tinggi berkembang menjadi kanker kulit agresif seperti melanoma.

 

Baca Juga: Penyebab Tahi Lalat Terasa Sakit

 

Riwayat keluarga dengan kanker kulit

Apabila Anda memiliki anggota keluarga terutama orang tua atau saudara kandung yang memiliki riwayat kanker kulit, maka risiko akan kanker kulit Anda juga bisa meningkat.

 

Deteksi dini kanker kulit penting untuk membantu pengobatan yang lebih efektif. Konsultasikan ke dokter apabila tahi lalat Anda berdarah, berubah warna, atau terasa gatal. Anda juga perlu memeriksakan diri bila mengalami lesi kulit yang tidak hilang dalam beberapa minggu, memiliki luka yang sulit sembuh, mengalami perubahan pada kulit setelah paparan sinar matahari berlebih, memiliki keluarga dengan riwayat kanker kulit, atau memiliki sunburn parah.

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan terkait sunburn atau keluhan kulit lainnya dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 1 September 2023 | 06:44

Mayo Clinic (2022). Skin cancer. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/skin-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20377605 

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Skin Cancer. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15818-skin-cancer 

Cancer Research UK (2021). How does the sun and UV cause cancer?. Available from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/causes-of-cancer/sun-uv-and-cancer/how-does-the-sun-and-uv-cause-cancer 

Cancer Research UK (2023). Risks and causes of skin cancer. Available from: https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/skin-cancer/risks-causes 

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Melanin. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22615-melanin 

Skin Cancer Foundation (2023). Sunburn & Your Skin. Available from: https://www.skincancer.org/risk-factors/sunburn/ 

Timothy DiChiara, PhD (2023). How Can You Tell If It's a Mole or Skin Cancer?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/moles-vs-melanoma-skin-cancer-identification-gallery-3010833 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new12.01msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8289 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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