Kenali Jenis dan Gejala Serangan Jantung

Kenali Jenis dan Gejala Serangan Jantung
Ilustrasi serangan jantung (Credits: Freepik)

Bagikan :


Berbicara tentang serangan jantung, Anda tentu terbayang pengalaman yang cukup menakutkan. Mengalami serangan jantung sendiri atau melihat orang terdekat mengalami serangan jantung membuat Anda perlu tahu seperti apa gejala dan apa yang harus dilakukan untuk mencegahnya.

 

Apa itu Serangan Jantung?

Serangan jantung atau secara medis disebut infark miokard adalah kondisi berbahaya yang disebabkan oleh kurangnya aliran darah ke otot jantung. Kurangnya aliran darah bisa dipengaruhi oleh faktor yang berbeda, seperti adanya penyumbatan di satu atau lebih pembuluh arteri jantung.

Adanya gangguan pada aliran darah jantung dapat menyebabkan kerusakan otot jantung. Dan jika aliran darah tidak segera dipulihkan kembali, serangan jantung dapat menyebabkan kerusakan jantung permanen bahkan kematian.

 

Jenis-Jenis Serangan Jantung dan Gejalanya

Serangan jantung dikategorikan menjadi beberapa jenis, di antaranya:

Serangan Jantung STEMI

STEMI adalah serangan jantung klasik yang parah dan membutuhkan pertolongan medis segera. Serangan jantung STEMI terjadi ketika arteri koroner tersumbat total dan sebagian besar otot berhenti menerima darah.

Serangan jantung STEMI dapat menyebabkan kerusakan signifikan pada jantung yang pada akhirnya dapat menghentikan fungsi jantung.

Gejala dan tanda serangan jantung STEMI:

  • Nyeri di bagian tengah dada
  • Ketidaknyamanan di dada yang digambarkan sebagai tekanan atau sesak
  • Rasa sakit di satu atau kedua lengan, punggung, leher atau rahang
  • Mual
  • Kesulitan bernapas
  • Kecemasan
  • Pusing
  • Keluarnya keringat dingin

 

Baca Juga: Penyebab Mengalami Serangan Jantung di Usia Muda

 

Serangan Jantung NSTEMI

Serangan jantung NSTEMI sedikit berbeda dari serangan jantung STEMI. Serangan jantung NSTEMI terjadi ketika arteri koroner tersumbat sebagian dan aliran darah menjadi sangat terbatas. Meskipun tidak sebahaya serangan jantung STEMI, NSTEMI tetap dapat menyebabkan kerusakan permanen pada jantung.

Gejala dan tanda serangan jantung NSTEMI:

  • Rasa sakit di dada (angina)
  • Kesulitan bernapas dan napas pendek
  • Mual disertai rasa tidak nyaman dan nyeri perut yang terasa seperti naiknya asam lambung atau heartburn
  • Palpitasi jantung, jantung berdebar dan terasa tidak nyaman
  • Kepala terasa pusing, berkunang-kunang yang terkadang menyebabkan kehilangan kesadaran

Gejala serangan jantung NSTEMI pada wanita dilaporkan lebih ringan dan juga disertai dengan gejala lain seperti:

  • Kelelahan, sesak napas, insomnia sebelum serangan jantung datang
  • Rasa sakit yang menyebar di area rahang, leher, bahu, lengan, punggung dan perut
  • Mual dan muntah

 

Baca Juga: Inilah Kebiasaan Baik untuk Mencegah Serangan Jantung

 

Spasme Arteri Koroner

Serangan jantung spasme arteri koroner disebut juga serangan jantung diam (silent heart attacks) atau angina tidak stabil. Serangan jantung jenis ini terjadi ketika arteri yang terhubung ke jantung berkontraksi sehingga mencegah atau membatasi aliran darah ke jantung.

Dibandingkan jenis serangan jantung lain, gejalanya tidak menyebabkan kerusakan permanen dan tidak terlalu parah. Anda mungkin salah mengira angina tidak stabil sebagai gangguan pencernaan. Namun, sebaiknya kondisi ini tidak diabaikan, karena seringkali jika tidak diatasi dapat meningkatkan risiko serangan jantung yang lebih parah.

Risiko serangan jantung baik jenis STEMI maupun NSTEMI dapat meningkat akibat pola hidup tidak sehat seperti kolesterol tinggi, tekanan darah tinggi, obesitas, gaya hidup sedentari (kurang aktif bergerak), kebiasaan merokok, dan diabetes.

Seiring bertambahnya usia, risiko serangan jantung juga akan meningkat sehingga satu-satunya cara untuk mencegahnya adalah mengubah pola hidup sehat, mengelola kondisi kesehatan terkait tekanan darah tinggi dan diabetes, serta mengonsumsi obat yang telah diresepkan oleh dokter untuk melindungi serta meningkatkan kesehatan jantung. 

Manfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan bersama dokter terkait kesehatan jantung dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 30 November 2023 | 05:48

James Roland (2020). Types of Heart Attacks: What You Should Know. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/heart-disease/types-of-heart-attacks 

Mayo Clinic (2022). Heart attack. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/heart-attack/symptoms-causes/syc-20373106 

American Heart Association (2016). What is a Heart Attack?. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/heart-attack/about-heart-attacks 

Cleveland Clinic (2021). Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16818-heart-attack-myocardial-infarction 

Aaron Kandola (2018). Types of heart attack: What you need to know. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321699 

Cleveland Clinic (2021). NSTEMI: Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22233-nstemi-heart-attack 

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      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8123 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8123
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.37msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1269 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 10008
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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