Mengenal Berbagai Jenis Kanker Payudara

Mengenal Berbagai Jenis Kanker Payudara
Credit: Freepik. Kanker payudara adalah kanker yang berkembang di jaringan payudara.

Bagikan :


Kanker payudara adalah kanker yang berkembang di jaringan payudara. Banyak yang menganggap kanker payudara hanya dapat dialami oleh para wanita, namun kanker ini juga dapat dialami oleh para pria. Penting untuk mengenali jenis-jenis kanker payudara karena akan menentukan pengobatan yang akan dilakukan.

 

Jenis-Jenis Kanker Payudara

Kanker payudara terjadi ketika ada sel yang tumbuh abnormal pada jaringan payudara. Jaringan payudara meliputi jaringan ikat, saluran susu (duktus), dan kelenjar susu (lobulus) pada payudara.

Ketika Anda diduga memiliki kanker payudara, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan pencitraan dan jaringan untuk penegakan diagnosis. Pemeriksaan juga meliputi spesifikasi tumor yang berkembang unuk menentukan penanganan paling sesuai dengan jenis tumor.

Dilasir dari Mayo Clinic, berikut ini beberapa jenis tumor payudara

Berdasarkan Lokasi Berkembangnya Tumor

Jenis jaringan di mana kanker payudara muncul menentukan bagaimana perilaku sel kanker dan perawatan apa yang paling efektif. Jenis kanker payudara berdasarkan tempat kanker tumbuh antara lain:

Saluran Susu (Karsinoma Duktal). Karsinoma duktal adalah kanker payudara yang paling umum terjadi. Kanker ini berkembang dari tumbuhnya sel kanker di saluran susu (duktus). Karsinoma duktal dapat tetap berada di dalam saluran sebagai kanker noninvasif (karsinoma duktal in situ), atau berkembang hingga keluar saluran (karsinoma duktal invasif).

Pada karsinoma duktal invasif, sel kanker tumbuh dengan ganas lalu menerobos dinding saluran dan akhirnya menyerang jaringan payudara lain yang ada di dekatnya. Sel kanker juga dapat menyebar ke bagian tubuh lain seperti kelenjar getah bening dan aliran darah.

Lobulus Penghasil Susu (Karsinoma Lobular). Karsinoma lobular dimulai di area lobulus payudara, tempat ASI diproduksi. Ketika Anda didiagnosis mengalami karsinoma lobular in situ, kondisi ini dianggap tidak termasuk kanker payudara meskipun terdapat sel kanker yang tumbuh abnormal.

Namun ketika menyebar keluar lobulus, maka jenis kanker ini termasuk jenis karsinoma lobular invasif.

Jaringan Ikat. Kanker payudara juga dapat tumbuh dari jaringan ikat yang terdiri dari otot, lemak dan pembuluh darah. Kanker yang dimulai dari jaringan ikat disebut sarkoma. Contoh sarkoma payudara antara lain tumor phyllodes dan angiosarkoma. Namun kanker ini merupakan jenis kanker yang jarang terjadi.

Berdasarkan Pengaruhnya dengan Hormon

Beberapa jenis kanker memiliki sensitivitas terhadap hormon seperti estrogen dan progesteron. Sel kanker payudara memiliki reseptor di bagian luar dindingnya yang dapat menangkap hormon tertentu yang beredar ke seluruh tubuh Anda.

Mengetahui apakah kanker payudara sensitif terhadap hormon dapat menentukan pengobatan yang efektif untuk mengobati kanker. Beberapa jenis kanker payudara yang dipengaruhi oleh hormon antara lain:

Kanker dengan sel kanker reseptor estrogen (ER) positif: Sel kanker payudara jenis ini memiliki reseptor yang memungkinkan mereka menggunakan hormon estrogen untuk tumbuh. Penanganan yang sesuai dengan jenis kanker ini antara lain terapi hormon anti-estrogen (endokrin) untuk menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker.

Kanker dengan sel kanker reseptor progesteron (PR) positif: Kanker ini sensitif terhadap progesteron dan selnya memiliki reseptor yang memungkinkan menggunakan hormon progesteron untuk tumbuh. Penanganan kanker jenis ini dapat dilakukan dengan terapi endokrin.

Kanker dengan sel kanker reseptor hormon (HR) negatif: Jenis kanker ini tidak memiliki reseptor hormon sehingga tidak akan terpengaruh dengan perawatan endokrin yang ditujukan untuk memblokir hormon dalam tubuh.

Berdasarakan Susunan Genetik Sel Kanker Payudara

Dokter juga dapat melakukan pemeriksaan sel kanker untuk mengamati susunan genetik sel kanker payudara. Dengan menganalisis gen sel kanker, dokter akan menemukan cara untuk menargetkan aspek spesifik dari sel kanker untuk menghambat pertumbuhannya. Berdasarkan informasi genetiknya, sel kanker dapat terbagi menjadi:

Kanker payudara luminal A: Kanker ini memiliki ER positif, PR positif dengan reseptor HER2-negatif. Biasanya pasien jenis ini akan mendapatkan pengobatan terapi hormonal.

Kanker payudara luminal B: Kanker ini memiliki ER dan PR yang salah satunya positif atau negatif, dan HER2 positif atau negatif. Terapi yang dapat diberikan pada pasien ini antara lain terapi hormon, kemoterapi, dan terapi target.

Kanker payudara HER2-positif: Kanker ini memiliki reseptor HER-2 positif namun ER dan PR negatif. Kanker ini dapat diatasi dengan kemoterapi dan terapi target yang ditujukan pada protein HER-2.

Kanker payudara triple negatif (seperti basal). Kanker jenis ini memiliki ER-negatif, PR-negatif dan HER2-negatif. Terapi yang dapat diberikan umumnya kemoterapi.

Penting bagi pasien dan dokter untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis kanker payudara yang sedang dihadapi. Pemeriksaan genetik yang tepat dapat memengaruhi keberhasilan penanganan kanker payudara. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 22:53

Cancer. Types of Breast Cancer. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/about/types-of-breast-cancer.html

National Breast Cancer Foundation. (2020). Types of Breast Cancer. Available from: https://www.nationalbreastcancer.org/types-of-breast-cancer/

 

Mayo Clinic. Breast cancer types: What your type means. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/breast-cancer/in-depth/breast-cancer/art-20045654

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3723 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.94msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3359 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3359
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9607 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9607
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6861 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6861
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10043 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10043
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1148 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1148
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.79msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9885 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9885
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9415 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9415
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.99msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9184 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9184
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.06msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8730 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8730
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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