Bagaimana Alkohol Membuat Anda Mabuk?

Bagaimana Alkohol Membuat Anda Mabuk?
Ilustrasi minuman beralkohol. Credit: Freepik

Bagikan :


Kebiasaan minum alkohol masih banyak dijumpai di berbagai lapisan masyarakat. Minum minuman beralkohol meski dalam jumlah sedikit dapat menyebabkan seseorang mabuk. Bagaimana alkohol bisa membuat Anda mabuk? Simak ulasannya dalam artikel berikut.

 

Bagaimana Alkohol dapat Menyebabkan Seseorang Mabuk?

Minuman beralkohol terbuat dari etanol atau etil alkohol yang terbuat dari proses fermentasi. Dalam proses fermentasi, Anda menggunakan ragi untuk mengubah gula menjadi etil alkohol. Misalnya, gula yang difermentasi dalam anggur digunakan untuk membuat anggur, atau gula yang difermentasi dalam kentang digunakan untuk membuat vodka.

Dalam tubuh, organ yang paling banyak melakukan metabolisme alkohol adalah hati. Namun sebelum masuk ke sistem pencernaan, alkohol mulai memasuki aliran darah melalui pembuluh darah kecil di mulut dan lidah. Ketika alkohol sudah masuk ke sistem pencernaan, pada saat yang sama, organ-organ lain dalam tubuh akan melakukan pemrosesan alkohol. Organ ini termasuk:

  • Lambung
  • Usus halus
  • Pankreas
  • Otak

Masing-masing organ memiliki enzim khusus untuk memecah molekul alkohol dan memungkinkan tubuh membuangnya.

Baca Juga: Cara Mengatasi Mabuk Alkohol (Hangover)

Setelah Anda minum, alkohol pertama-tama masuk ke perut. Jumlah makanan di perut akan memengaruhi bagaimana cara alkohol diserap. Bila perut Anda terisi makanan, asam lambung yang mencerna makanan juga akan mulai memecah alkohol. Alkohol kemudian diserap ke dalam aliran darah dari lambung.

Namun jika perut Anda kosong, sebagian besar alkohol masuk ke usus halus. Usus memiliki permukaan yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan lambung, sehingga aliran darah dapat menyerap alkohol dengan lebih cepat. Akibatnya, Anda akan merasa lebih cepat mabuk jika minum alkohol dalam keadaan perut kosong.

Sel darah yang menyerap alkohol kemudian akan membawa alkohol ke hati, otak, dan organ tubuh lainnya. Ketika di otak, alkohol akan menempel pada reseptor asam gamma-aminobutyric (GABA). GABA merupakan zat kimia yang bekerja untuk memperlambat proses otak, ketika reseptor ini mengikat alkohol maka otak akan melambat sehingga Anda merasa lebih rileks dan tenang setelah minum alkohol.

Semakin banyak alkohol yang Anda minum, semakin tinggi kadar alkohol dalam darah dan semakin besar dampaknya pada otak. Beberapa dampak alkohol pada otak antara lain:

  • Respon lebih lambat
  • Proses berpikir yang lebih lambat
  • Hilangnya kontrol gerak motorik
  • Ucapan tidak jelas
  • Kecenderungan melakukan perilaku di luar kebiasaan

Baca Juga: Risiko Minum Alkohol di Tengah Cuaca Panas Ekstrem

 

Tips Meredakan Mabuk Alkohol

Mabuk alkohol atau pengar (hangover) adalah kondisi di mana seseorang mulai merasa hilang kendali akibat pengaruh alkohol. Pada dasarnya, tidak ada cara untuk membuat Anda sadar lebih cepat dari efek alkohol selain berhenti minum dan efek mabuk akan mereda dengan sendirinya.

Tubuh memerlukan waktu untuk memetabolisme alkohol. Ketika kadar alkohol dalam darah berkurang, secara perlahan kesadaran Anda akan kembali. Namun ada beberapa cara yang dapat membantu mengatasi mabuk alkohol, yaitu:

  • Memperbanyak minum air putih untuk mencegah dehidrasi. Alkohol adalah minuman bersifat diuretik yang dapat meningkatkan produksi urine dan memicu dehidrasi. Perbanyak minum air putih untuk mencegah dehidrasi dan mengatasi rasa haus.
  • Makan makanan tawar seperti roti atau biskuit. Alkohol dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah. Untuk mengembalikan kadar gula dalam darah, sebaiknya makanlah roti atau makanan yang mengandung karbohidrat lainnya. 
  • Makan sebelum dan saat minum alkohol. Makan sebelum, selama, dan setelah minum dapat membantu memperlambat penyerapan alkohol ke dalam aliran darah. Beberapa makanan yang bisa dikonsumsi ketika minum alkohol antara lain pasta, telur, sayuran, dan kacang-kacangan.
  • Tidur yang cukup.

 

Minuman beralkohol dapat menyebabkan Anda mabuk dan kehilangan kendali atas perilaku. Sebaiknya hindari mengonsumsi alkohol meskipun dalam dosis sedikit. Jika memiliki pertanyaan seputar kesehatan, Anda bisa berkonsultasi ke dokter atau manfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh melalui App Store atau Play Store. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainya? Cek di sini, yah!

Bapat, M. (2022), Available from: https://www.goodrx.com/well-being/substance-use/why-does-alcohol-make-you-drunk-brain-body

Berkheiser, K. (2020). How Much Alcohol Is Too Much?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/how-much-alcohol-is-too-much

Santos-Longhurts, A. (2024). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/why-does-alcohol-make-you-drunk

Barhum, L. (2024). What is the best way to sober up?. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321103

Osborn, C. (2023). How to Sober Up. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-sober-up

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9877
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8574
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8763
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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