Hipokalemia, Ketika Kadar Kalium Terlalu Rendah

Hipokalemia, Ketika Kadar Kalium Terlalu Rendah
Ilustrasi orang yang mengalami hipokalemi. Credits: Freepik

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Hipokalemia adalah kondisi di mana kadar kalium di dalam tubuh terlalu rendah. Kalium dibutuhkan untuk menjalankan fungsi penting di dalam tubuh.

Ketahui lebih lanjut tentang dampak kadar kalium yang terlalu rendah dan gejala yang bisa dikenali.

 

Apa itu Hipokalemia?

Hipokalemia terjadi ketika kadar kalium di dalam tubuh terlalu rendah. Kadar kalium normal orang dewasa berkisar 3,5 hingga 5,2 mEq/L. Jika kadar kalium < 3 mEq/L, maka dianggap sebagai hipokalemia berat.

 

Fungsi Kalium bagi Tubuh

Kalium adalah mineral penting yang dibutuhkan oleh semua jaringan di dalam tubuh. Kalium dapat ditemukan dalam berbagai makanan dan juga suplemen.

Peran utamanya di dalam tubuh adalah membantu menjaga keseimbangan cairan di dalam sel. Bersama dengan natrium, kalium mempertahankan kadar cairan tetap seimbang.

Kalium membantu otot berkontraksi dan juga menjaga agar tekanan darah tetap stabil atau normal. Ia juga membantu mengaktifkan berbagai fungsi sel dan saraf.

Baca Juga: Penyebab Hiperkalemia, Ketika Kadar Kalium dalam Darah Terlalu Tinggi

 

Gejala Hipokalemia

Secara umum hipokalemia yang tidak parah tidak disertai dengan gejala apapun. Namun, ada beberapa tanda yang biasanya menyertai, di antaranya:

  • Sembelit
  • Jantung berdebar-debar
  • Kelelahan ekstrem
  • Otot kejang dan melemah
  • Rasa kesemutan atau mati rasa

Pada kasus yang lebih parah, kadar kalium yang rendah ditandai dengan beberapa hal berikut:

  • Kram dan kejang otot
  • Kelemahan otot yang parah
  • Tekanan darah rendah
  • Pingsan
  • Aritmia
  • Sering buang air kecil 
  • Rasa haus yang berlebihan

 

Penyebab Hipokalemia

Rendahnya kadar kalium di dalam tubuh bisa dipengaruhi oleh banyak hal, salah satunya diare atau muntah berlebihan. Selain itu, hipokalemia juga bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa hal berikut:

  • Gangguan makan seperti bulimia nervosa
  • Keringat berlebihan
  • Penyalahgunaan alkohol
  • Mengonsumsi obat diuretik
  • Gangguan pada kelenjar adrenal
  • Penyakit ginjal kronis
  • Kadar magnesium yang rendah
  • Konsumsi obat seperti antibiotik atau kortikosteroid tertentu
  • Sindrom Liddle, kelainan langka yang dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah
  • Tidak mendapatkan cukup asupan kalium (jarang terjadi)

Baca Juga: Benarkah Mengonsumsi Garam Membuat Badan Gemuk?

 

Berbahayakah Hipokalemia bagi Tubuh?

Karena fungsi pentingnya bagi tubuh, hipokalemia bisa sangat berbahaya dan menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan, di antaranya:

  • Kelemahan otot sehingga mudah merasa lelah dan lesu
  • Kram otot yang menyakitkan
  • Gangguan irama jantung yang dapat berdampak pada kesehatan jantung dan dapat menyebabkan komplikasi serius seperti serangan jantung atau gagal jantung
  • Menyebabkan peningkatan kadar gula darah yang bisa berakibat diabetes
  • Menyebabkan sembelit atau gangguan pencernaan lain

Untuk mencegah hipokalemia, Anda perlu mengonsumsi makanan yang kaya kalium seperti pisang, kentang, alpukat, bayam, labu, tomat, dan ikan.

 

Jika Anda mengalami gejala hipokalemia atau memiliki riwayat masalah kesehatan yang dapat memengaruhi kadar kalium, sebaiknya konsultasikan dengan dokter untuk mendapatkan pengobatan yang sesuai dan menghindari komplikasi serius.

Anda juga bisa berkonsultasi dengan dokter ahli melalui aplikasi Ai Care dan mendapatkan saran yang tepat.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 7 November 2023 | 08:44

Cleveland Clinic (2022). Hypokalemia. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17740-low-potassium-levels-in-your-blood-hypokalemia

Harvard TH Chan (2023). Potassium. Available from: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/potassium

Rachel Nall, MSN, CRNA (2019). What to know about potassium deficiency symptoms. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325065

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.19msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1316 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.78msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8310 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8310
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.64msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3949 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3949
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1603
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new920μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 5 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 2964
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.83msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1309 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1309
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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