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  • Mengenal Diet DASH, Diet Rendah Garam yang Baik Untuk Pengidap Hipertensi

Mengenal Diet DASH, Diet Rendah Garam yang Baik Untuk Pengidap Hipertensi

Mengenal Diet DASH, Diet Rendah Garam yang Baik Untuk Pengidap Hipertensi
Dalam menjalankan diet DASH, pengidap hipertensi perlu mengurangi asupan natrium/garam dalam makanan sehari-hari.

Bagikan :


Bagi Anda yang memiliki riwayat tekanan darah tinggi atau hipertensi, perlu menjaga pola makan untuk mengontrol tekanan darah. Salah satu diet yang dianjurkan bagi pengidap darah tinggi adalah Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), yaitu diet yang bermanfaat untuk mencegah naiknya tekanan darah. Seperti apa pola makan dalam diet DASH? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Diet DASH untuk pengidap tekanan darah tinggi (hipertensi)

Diet DASH adalah singkatan dari Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. Diet ini menekankan pada pola makan rendah garam dengan nutrisi seimbang sehingga pasien hipertensi dapat menjaga tekanan darah tanpa perlu bergantung pada obat hipertensi. Beberapa studi mendapatkan  bahwa dengan menerapkan diet DASH selama kurun waktu dua minggu, pasien hipertensi dapat menurunkan tekanan darah siastolik hingga 14 poin.

Meskipun diet DASH umumnya diperuntukkan bagi mereka yang mengalami hipertensi, namun diet ini juga dapat diterapkan untuk penyakit lainnya seperti jantung, stroke, diabetes, batu ginjal, dan osteoporosis.

 

Pola Menu Diet DASH

Dalam menjalankan diet DASH, pengidap hipertensi perlu mengurangi asupan natrium/garam dalam makanan sehari-hari. Untuk itu dalam menu diet DASH tidak disarankan mengonsumsi makanan olahan dan kalengan yang memiiki kandungan natrium tinggi.  Kadar natrium yang disarankan bagi pengidap hipertensi ialah maksimal 1500 mg/hari atau setara dengan 2/3 sendok teh per hari. Selain itu, menu diet DASH juga membatasi makanan yang mengandung kolesterol tinggi serta dianjurkan memperbanyak konsumsi sayuran, buah-buahan, ikan, unggas, dan kacang-kacangan.

 

Menu diet DASH yang bisa Anda coba untuk menu sehari-hari di antaranya:

1. Sayuran: 4-5 porsi per hari

Dalam menu diet DASH, sayur diposisikan sebagai menu utama bukan sebagai makanan pendamping. Anda bisa mengonsumsinya 4-5 porsi per hari. Beberapa sayur yang direkomendasikan antara lain wortel, umbi-umbian, dan sayuran berdaun hijau seperti bayam, kangkung, brokoli.

 

2. Beras dan gandum: 6-8 porsi per hari

Untuk pilihan karbohidrat Anda bisa menggunakan gandum utuh yang memiliki serat tinggi, atau berasa merah yang memberikan rasa kenyang lebih lama. Roti yang terbuat dari gandum utuh juga bisa dikonsumsi asalkan tidak diolah menggunakan mentega dan keju yang kaya lemak.

 

3. Buah-buahan: minimal 4-5 porsi per hari

Diet DASH bisa Anda sajikan sebagai camilan sehat di antara jam makan. Asupan buah yang disarankan adalah buah potong atau olahan jus segar tanpa gula. Buah yang disarankan adalah buah yang kaya kalium seperti pisang yang berkhasiat untuk menurunkan ketegangan di pembuluh darah dan menurunkan tekanan darah.

 

4. Protein hewani: maksimal 2 porsi per hari

Daging adalah sumber protein berkualitas tinggi. Daging boleh dikonsumsi pengidap hipertensi dalam takaran kurang dari 6 porsi per hari. Untuk asupan daging, pilih daging tanpa lemak yang mengandung kolesterol rendah. Selain daging, Anda juga bisa memilih ikan berlemak seperti salmon yang kaya akan omega-3.

 

5. Kacang-kacangan dan biji-bijian: 3-5 porsi per hari

Kacang-kacangan yang direkomendasikan antara lain kacang dan olahannya seperti kacang hijau, kacang merah, tempe, tahu tawar dan oncom. Kacang-kacangan mengandung omega-3 dan serat yang baik untuk menurunkan risiko penyakit jantung dan baik untuk menurunkan tekanan darah. Jika Anda mengonsumsi kacang sebagai camilan, batasi mengonsumsinya terlalu banyak karena kacang memiliki kalori yang tinggi.

 

6. Lemak dan minyak

Untuk lemak dan minyak dalam diet DASH, Anda bisa menggunakan margarin, minyak sayur, atau mayonais rendah lemak. Sedangkan untuk asupan lemak tak jenuh, Anda bisa menggunakan minyak zaitun dan alpukat.

 

7. Produk olahan susu rendak lemah: 2-3 porsi per hari

Sebagai sumber vitamin D, kalsium dam protein Anda bisa mengonsumsi olahan susu seperti keju dan yoghurt.

 

8. Makanan manis: maksimal 5 porsi per minggu

Anda boleh mengonsumsi makanan manis dalam diet DASH, namun perhatikan kalori yang terkandung di dalamnya. Beberapa menu makanan manis yang tetap bisa Anda konsumsi di antaranya jeli, agar-agar rendah gula dan biskuit rendah gula.

 

Itulah panduan sederhana mengenai diet DASH. Anda bisa menyesuaikannya dengan selera dan kondisi kesehatan Anda, atau konsultasikan dengan dokter gizi untuk mendapatkan rekomendasi menu yang tepat.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 21:00
  1. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. DASH Eating Plan. Available from: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/dash-eating-plan.
  2. West H. The Complete Beginner's Guide to the DASH Diet (2018). Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/dash-diet.
  3. Beckerman J. DASH Diet and High Blood Pressure (2021). Available from: https://www.webmd.com/hypertension-high-blood-pressure/guide/dash-diet.
  4. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Modifikasi Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension. 2018.
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      • 0: 5013
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1706
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.31msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5186 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5186
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.22msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8591 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8591
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.86msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8958 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      • 0: 8958
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8879 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8879
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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