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Hepatitis Autoimun, Seperti Apa Gejala dan Penanganannya?

Hepatitis Autoimun, Seperti Apa Gejala dan Penanganannya?
Credit: Freepik. Hepatitis autoimun adalah gangguan sistem kekebalan.

Bagikan :


Hepatitis adalah kondisi di mana organ hati mengalami peradangan. Peradangan ini biasanya disebabkan oleh infeksi virus, bakteri, atau kebiasaan mengonsumsi alkohol. Namun selain itu, hepatitis juga dapat disebabkan oleh gangguan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang dikenal dengan istilah hepatitis autoimun.

 

Apa Itu Hepatitis Autoimun?

Hepatitis autoimun adalah salah satu jenis penyakit langka yang menyerang hati. Pada penyakit hepatitis autoimun, sistem kekebalan tubuh mengira sel yang sehat sebagai jaringan yang terinfeksi sehingga sistem kekebalan tubuh mengirimkan antibodi untuk menyerang sel hati yang sehat.

Apabila peradangan tidak diobati, kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan munculnya jaringan parut pada hati sehingga memicu sirosis dan gagal hati. Jika kerusakan hati cukup parah, pasien akan dianjurkan untuk menjalani transplantasi hati.

Dilansir dari Clevenland Clinic, hepatitis autoimun dapat dibagi menjadi 2 jenis, yaitu:

  • Tipe 1, yang banyak dijumpai pada remaja atau dewasa
  • Tipe 2, umumnya didiagnosis pada anak-anak dan bisa lebih sulit diobati

Hepatitis autoimun merupakan kondisi langka yang umumnya lebih banyak diderita oleh wanita dibandingkan pria.

 

Gejala Hepatitis Autoimun

Masing-masing pasien memiliki gejala yang berbeda dalam hepatitis autoimun. Sebagian besar pasien tidak menunjukkan gejala khusus, namun ada beberapa gejala yang sering muncul antara lain:

  • Badan terasa lemas, mudah lelah
  • Mual
  • Kulit gatal atau timbul ruam
  • Kulit atau bagian putih pada mata menjadi kuning (jaundice)

Ketika jaringan parut pada hati semakin banyak, fungsi hati akan menurun dan pasien akan menunjukkan gejala seperti berikut:

  • Sakit perut
  • Nyeri di persendian
  • Perut kembung
  • Mudah memar dan berdarah
  • Muntah-muntah
  • Urine berwarna cokelat gelap
  • Feses berwarna pucat
  • Menstruasi deras 

 

Penyebab Hepatitis Autoimun

Penyebab hepatitis autoimun belum dapat diketahui dengan pasti. Namun para ahli berpendapat hal ini bisa dipengaruhi oleh gangguan sistemik di dalam tubuh atau reaksi tubuh terhadap pengobatan tertentu. Di luar faktor tersebut, genetik dan riwayat kesehatan juga dapat memengaruhi seseorang terkena hepatitis autoimun.

Bagi Anda yang didiagnosis mengalami hepatitis autoimun, dianjurkan untuk menghindari beberapa hal yang dapat memperparah peradangan hati seperti mengonsumsi obat-obatan atau suplemen sembarangan, minum alkohol dan tidak mengelola stres dengan baik.

 

Penanganan Hepatitis Autoimun

Ketika Anda didiagnosis mengalami hepatitis autoimun, dokter akan melihat seberapa parah gejala yang muncul. Pada pasien dengan gejala ringan, dokter mungkin tidak akan memberikan pengobatan dan akan memantau perkembangan kondisi Anda.

Apabila Anda menunjukkan gejala yang mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari, dokter dapat memberikan obat untuk menekan respon sistem kekebalan tubuh dan menyembuhkan hati dari peradangan. Obat yang diberikan yaitu golongan steroid untuk menekan sistem kekebalan tubuh.

Jika kondisi Anda membaik, dokter dapat menurunkan dosis obat yang diberikan. Namun jika kondisi tidak menunjukkan perkembangan, dokter dapat memberikan obat-obatan imunosupresan lain.

Ketika kondisi hepatitis autoimun menyebabkan kerusakan hati semakin berat sehingga hati sulit berfungsi secara optimal maka dokter dapat merekomendasikan Anda untuk menjalani transplantasi hati.

Hepatitis autoimun adalah gangguan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang dapat berlangsung seumur hidup. Apabila Anda didiagnosis hepatitis autoimun, sebaiknya konsultasikan dengan dokter mengenai pengobatan dan perubahan gaya hidup sehat yang sesuai dengan kondisi Anda.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 11:33

Gardner, A. (2022). Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH). Available from:  https://www.webmd.com/hepatitis/autoimmune-hepatitis

Mayo Clinic. Autoiimune Hepatitis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autoimmune-hepatitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352153

Americna Liver Foundation. Autoimmune Hepatitis. Available from: https://liverfoundation.org/liver-diseases/rare-disease/autoimmune-hepatitis-aih/#search-for-a-clinical-trial

Rare Diseases. Autoimmune Hepatitis. Available from: https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/5871/autoimmune-hepatitis

 

Cleveland Clinic. Autoimmune Hepatitis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17867-autoimmune-hepatitis

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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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