Gejala Kanker Paru dan Langkah Pencegahannya

Gejala Kanker Paru dan Langkah Pencegahannya
Ilustrasi Kanker Paru-Paru. | (Credits: Freepik)

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Saat seseorang menarik napas, paru-paru menyerap oksigen dari udara dan membawa oksigen tersebut ke dalam aliran darah untuk dikirim ke seluruh tubuh dan mengeluarkan karbon dioksida. Organ ini memiliki struktur yang kompleks yang terdiri dari berbagai jenis sel.

Sebagian besar sel di dalam paru-paru adalah sel epitel, yang berfungsi melapisi saluran udara, menghasilkan lendir, melumasi dan melindungi paru-paru. Selain itu, paru-paru juga mengandung sel saraf, sel penghasil hormon, sel darah, dan sel pendukung.

 

Bagaimana Terjadi Kanker Paru-Paru?

Kanker paru-paru bisa terjadi ketika sel-sel di dalam paru mengalami pertumbuhan tak terkendali dan membentuk massa yang abnormal. Pertumbuhan tak terkendali dapat terjadi akibat mutasi genetik pada sel-sel paru-paru yang terpapar zat berbahaya, seperti asap rokok, asap pabrik dan lingkungan sekitar, asbes, polusi udara, dan paparan radiasi yang berlebihan.

Sel-sel yang telah mengalami mutasi genetik akan merusak kontrol pertumbuhan sel, sehingga mereka makin tumbuh dengan cepat dan membentuk massa tumor yang bisa terdeteksi melalui pemeriksaan medis.

 

Baca Juga: Merokok Bisa Timbulkan Masalah Pencernaan Hingga Kanker

 

Gejala Kanker Paru-Paru

Dikatakan bahwa kanker paru-paru umumnya tidak disertai gejala di tahap awal sampai akhirnya mencapai tahap lanjut atau menyebar ke bagian tubuh lain. Sangat penting untuk mendeteksi gejala lebih dini agar meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup.

Berikut adalah beberapa gejala kanker paru-paru:

  • Batuk yang terus memburuk dan tak kunjung sembuh
  • Batuk disertai dahak berwarna kemerahan
  • Rasa sakit di dada yang kerap memburuk saat mengambil napas dalam-dalam, batuk atau tertawa
  • Suara serak
  • Kehilangan nafsu makan
  • Penurunan berat badan yang tidak dapat dijelaskan
  • Sesak napas

Saat kanker paru telah menyebar ke bagian tubuh lainnya, gejala yang disertai mungkin berkembang, di antaranya:

  • Nyeri di tulang apabila kanker menyebar ke punggung atau pinggul
  • Sakit kepala, tubuh melemah, mati rasa, pusing, gangguan keseimbangan dan kejang bila kanker telah menyebar ke otak
  • Jaundice atau perubahan warna kuning pada kulit dan bagian putih mata apabila kanker telah menyebar ke liver
  • Pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening di leher atau di atas tulang selangka

 

Baca Juga: Bahaya Merokok Saat Sedang Hamil

 

Langkah Preventif Kanker Paru-Paru

Sebenarnya tidak ada cara pasti untuk mencegah berkembangnya kanker paru-paru di dalam tubuh. Namun ada beberapa langkah yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengurangi risiko kanker tersebut, di antaranya:

  1. Tidak merokok dan tidak mencoba merokok
  2. Berhenti merokok
  3. Menghindari paparan asap rokok, karena sebagai perokok pasif risiko kanker paru juga cukup tinggi
  4. Menghindari paparan zat yang bersifat karsinogen di lingkungan sekitar, seperti dari produk pembersih, pestisida, dan lain sebagainya. Apabila Anda hendak menggunakan produk tersebut sebaiknya lindungi hidung dan mulut dengan masker yang cukup aman
  5. Mengonsumsi sayuran dan buah-buahan sebagai sumber antioksidan, vitamin dan nutrisi lain yang dibutuhkan tubuh
  6. Berolahraga secara rutin setidaknya 150 menit per minggu, atau 5 hari dalam seminggu

Jika Anda perokok aktif atau sering terkena paparan asap rokok dan asap lainnya kemudian mengalami batuk yang tak kunjung membaik atau menyadari adanya gejala yang disebutkan di atas, sebaiknya periksakan diri ke dokter. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store untuk mengetahui terkait kanker paru-paru lebih lanjut.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Jumat, 23 Agustus 2024 | 09:36

Mayo Clinic (2022). Lung cancer. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lung-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20374620 

American Cancer Society (2019). Signs and Symptoms of Lung Cancer. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/lung-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/signs-symptoms.html 

Cancer.net (2022). Lung Cancer - Non-Small Cell: Introduction. Available from: https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/lung-cancer-non-small-cell/introduction 

American Lung Association (2022). Lung Cancer Causes & Risk Factors. Available from: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/lung-cancer/basics/what-causes-lung-cancer 

American Cancer Society (2020). Harmful Chemicals in Tobacco Products. Available from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/risk-prevention/tobacco/carcinogens-found-in-tobacco-products.html 

Edward R. Laskowski, M.D. (2023). How much should the average adult exercise every day?. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/expert-answers/exercise/faq-20057916 

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      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.52msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7563 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7563
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.49msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1050 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1050
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new840μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 2 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.09msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7696 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7696
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.26msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3140 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3140
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.57msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5198 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5198
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.37msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5821 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5821
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.13msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 2719 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 10028
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7921
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.66msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8626 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8626
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.58msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5429 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5429
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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    App\Models\Admin\Faq
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