Gejala dan Penyebab Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik

Gejala dan Penyebab Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronik

Daftar Isi


Bagikan :


Penyakit paru obstruktif kronik (PPOK) adalah penyakit radang paru-paru kronis yang menyebabkan aliran udara terhambat dari paru-paru. Emfisema dan bronkitis kronis adalah dua kondisi umum yang terkait dengan PPOK, di mana biasanya keduanya terjadi besamaan dan bervariasi tingkat keparahannya.

Walaupun termasuk penyakit yang dapat memburuk dari waktu ke waktu, tetapi PPOK dapat diobati. Dengan pertolongan pertama yang tepat, sebagian besar orang dapat mengontrol gejala dan mengurangi risiko komplikasi lainnya.

Gejala PPOK

Banyak orang tidak mengenali gejala PPOK hingga gejalanya memburuk. Seringkali orang berpikir bahwa sesak napas yang dialami adalah hal yang normal seiring pertambahan usia, padahal sesak napas bisa menjadi gejala yang penting bagi penyakit paru-paru. Dilansir Lung.org dan cedars-sinai, berikut adalah gejala PPOK, di antaranya:

  • Batuk parah
  • Sesak napas ketika menjalani aktivitas
  • Infeksi pernapasan yang berulang
  • Bibir dan kuku berwarna kebiruan
  • Kecemasan
  • Produksi lendir di tenggorokan meningkat
  • Mengi
  • Kemerahan pada kulit karena kapiler tersumbat
  • Cairan di paru-paru, saluran pernapasan, dan lapisan tenggorokan
  • Pembengkakan pada kelenjar, termasuk pada pergelangan kaki dan kaki
  • Adanya perubahan pada sel paru-paru dan saluran pernapasan yang bisa dilihat dengan mikroskop

Penyebab

Udara mengalir ke tenggorokan dan masuk ke paru-paru melalui dua tabung besar. Di dalam paru-paru, tabung ini akan membelah berkali-kali seperti cabang pohon menjadi banyak tabung yang lebih kecil yang disebut bronkiolus yang beakhir dalam kelompok kantung udara kecil (alveoli). Kantung udara memiliki dinding yang sangat tipis yang penuh dengan pembuluh darah kecil. Oksigen di udara yang Anda hirup masuk ke pembuluh darah ini dan memasuki aliran darah Anda. Pada saat yang sama, karbondioksida dihembuskan.

Paru-paru akan bergantung pada elastisitas alami dari tabung bronkial dan kantung udara untuk memaksa udara keluar dari tubuh Anda. PPOK menyebabkan paru-paru kehilangan elastisitasnya dan mengembang secara berlebihan, yang akhirnya membuat sebagian udara terperangkap di paru-paru saat menghembuskan napas.

  • Obstruksi jalur napas

PPOK seperti dilansir Mayo Clinic disebabkan oleh adanya obstruksi jalur napas, baik emfisema maupun bronkitis kronis.

Emfisema adalah suatu kondisi yang menyebabkan ruang udara di dalam paru-paru menjadi lebih besar secara permanen yang terjadi karena penyakit telah menghancurkan dinding kantung udara kecil di dalam paru-paru.

Bronkitis kronis adalah batuk yang tidak kunjung hilang yang mengeluarkan lendir atau dahak selama minimal tiga bulan dalam dua tahun berturut-turut.

  • Asap rokok dan iritan lainnya

PPOK paling sering disebabkan oleh asap rokok yang sebagian besar mempengaruhi orang dewasa dan gejalanya muncul antara usia 30-40an. Menurut Cedars-sinai, usia dan kebiasaan merokok menyumbang lebih dari 85% dari risiko PPOK.

Selain itu, ada kemungkinan faktor lain yang menyebabkan PPOK seperti kerentanan genetik terhadap PPOK, karena tidak semua perokok mengalami PPOK.

Iritasi lain seperti asap cerutu, asap rokok, asap pipa, polusi udara, paparan debu, asap di tempat kerja, dan lain sebagainya juga dapat menyebabkan PPOK.

  • Kekurangan alfa-1-antitripsin

Sekitar 1% pasien PPOK mengalami PPOK akibat adanya kelainan genetik (bawaan) yang memicu rendahnya kadar protein yang disebut alfa-1-antitripsin (AAt). AAt diproduksi di hati dan disekresikan ke dalam aliran darah untuk membantu melindungi paru-paru. Kekurangan alfa-1-antitripsin dapat menyebabkan penyakit hati, penyakit paru-paru atau kombinasi keduanya.

PPOK dapat didiagnosis dengan rontgen atau bronkoskopi. Apabila Anda didiagnosis PPOK dan mengalami sesak napas parah, lemas dan tidak dapat berjalan, detak jantung tidak beraturan dan kuku berubah kebiruan, sebaiknya segera dapatkan pertolongan di rumah sakit.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 03:54

Mayo Clinic (2020). COPD. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/copd/symptoms-causes/syc-20353679

WebMD (2021). COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease). Available from: https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/10-faqs-about-living-with-copd

Lung.org (2021). COPD Symptoms and Diagnosis. Available from: https://www.lung.org/lung-health-diseases/lung-disease-lookup/copd/symptoms-diagnosis

 

Cedars-sinai (2021). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Available from: https://www.cedars-sinai.org/health-library/diseases-and-conditions/c/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd.html

Request history8.1.29PHP Version824msRequest Duration5MBMemory UsageGET {category}/{slug}Route
  • infolog[01:25:38] LOG.info: Attempting to authenticate with: { "username": "administrator", "url": ...
  • Booting (252ms)time
  • Application (571ms)time
  • 1 x Application (69.35%)
    571ms
    1 x Booting (30.65%)
    252ms
    11 templates were rendered
    • 1x web.v2.single-post-healthpediasingle-post-healthpedia.blade.php#?blade
    • 1x web.v2.partials.single.breadcrumbbreadcrumb.blade.php#?blade
    • 2x web.partials.single-sharesingle-share.blade.php#?blade
    • 1x web.v2.partials.single.editoreditor.blade.php#?blade
    • 1x web.v2.partials.single.tagstags.blade.php#?blade
    • 1x web.v2.partials.single.referensireferensi.blade.php#?blade
    • 1x web.v2.partials.article-populararticle-popular.blade.php#?blade
    • 1x web.v2.partials.related-articlerelated-article.blade.php#?blade
    • 1x web.v2.partials.healthtopichealthtopic.blade.php#?blade
    • 1x layouts.v2.web_layoutweb_layout.blade.php#?blade
    uri
    GET {category}/{slug}
    middleware
    web
    controller
    App\Http\Controllers\WebController@newSinglePost
    namespace
    App\Http\Controllers
    prefix
    where
    as
    web.new.single.post
    file
    app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:645-806
    33 statements were executed336ms
    • WebController.php#656aicare_prod_new1.07msselect * from `categories` where (`slug` = 'penyakit' or `slug_en` = 'penyakit') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit
      • 1: penyakit
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:656
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#657aicare_prod_new18.57msselect * from `posts` where (`slug` = 'gejala-dan-penyebab-penyakit-paru-obstruktif-kronik' or `slug_en` = 'gejala-dan-penyebab-penyakit-paru-obstruktif-kronik') and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: gejala-dan-penyebab-penyakit-paru-obstruktif-kronik
      • 1: gejala-dan-penyebab-penyakit-paru-obstruktif-kronik
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:657
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#703aicare_prod_new9.44msselect * from `posts` where (`slug` = 'gejala-dan-penyebab-penyakit-paru-obstruktif-kronik' or `slug_en` = 'gejala-dan-penyebab-penyakit-paru-obstruktif-kronik') and `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-15 01:25:38' and `deleted_at` is null and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: gejala-dan-penyebab-penyakit-paru-obstruktif-kronik
      • 1: gejala-dan-penyebab-penyakit-paru-obstruktif-kronik
      • 2: 1
      • 3: 2025-04-15 01:25:38
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:703
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#703aicare_prod_new1.17msselect `users`.*, `post_editor`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `post_editor`.`user_id` as `pivot_user_id`, `post_editor`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `post_editor`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `users` inner join `post_editor` on `users`.`id` = `post_editor`.`user_id` where `post_editor`.`post_id` in (2136)
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:703
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#703aicare_prod_new970μsselect `users`.*, `post_english_editors`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `post_english_editors`.`user_id` as `pivot_user_id`, `post_english_editors`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `post_english_editors`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `users` inner join `post_english_editors` on `users`.`id` = `post_english_editors`.`user_id` where `post_english_editors`.`post_id` in (2136)
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:703
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#703aicare_prod_new7.68msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` in (2136) and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:703
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#703aicare_prod_new720μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` in (0) and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:703
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#724aicare_prod_new19.96msselect `tags`.*, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `post_tag`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `tags` inner join `post_tag` on `tags`.`id` = `post_tag`.`tag_id` where `post_tag`.`post_id` = 2136
      Bindings
      • 0: 2136
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:724
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#1360aicare_prod_new16.27msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 2633 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2633
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1360
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:735
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1360aicare_prod_new12.97msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 907 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 907
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1360
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:735
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1360aicare_prod_new13.04msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 4305 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4305
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1360
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:735
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#1360aicare_prod_new12.56msselect `posts`.*, `post_tag`.`tag_id` as `pivot_tag_id`, `post_tag`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id` from `posts` inner join `post_tag` on `posts`.`id` = `post_tag`.`post_id` where `post_tag`.`tag_id` = 4351 and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4351
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:1360
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:735
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#739aicare_prod_new116msselect * from `posts` where `status` = 1 and `publish_date` <= '2025-04-15 01:25:38' and `deleted_at` is null and `content_type` = 'article' and `posts`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 7
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      • 1: 2025-04-15 01:25:38
      • 2: article
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • ORDER BY RAND() is slow, try to avoid if you can. You can read this or this
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:739
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • CategoryHealtTopics.php#11aicare_prod_new990μsselect * from `categories` where (`slug` != 'penyakit-a-z' and `slug` != 'obat-a-z' and `slug` != 'pemeriksaan-a-z' and `parent_id` = '0') and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null order by `order` asc
      Bindings
      • 0: penyakit-a-z
      • 1: obat-a-z
      • 2: pemeriksaan-a-z
      • 3: 0
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The != operator is not standard. Use the <> operator to test for inequality instead.
      Backtrace
      • app/Repositories/Categories/CategoryHealtTopics.php:11
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:740
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
    • WebController.php#748aicare_prod_new1.43msselect `healthpedia`.*, `healthpedia_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `healthpedia_post`.`healthpedia_id` as `pivot_healthpedia_id`, `healthpedia_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `healthpedia_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `healthpedia` inner join `healthpedia_post` on `healthpedia`.`id` = `healthpedia_post`.`healthpedia_id` where `healthpedia_post`.`post_id` = 2136 and `healthpedia`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 2136
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:748
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • WebController.php#779aicare_prod_new9.87msupdate `posts` set `views_count` = 659 where `id` = 2136
      Bindings
      • 0: 659
      • 1: 2136
      Backtrace
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
    • ActivityLogger.php#174aicare_prod_new6.58msinsert into `activity_log` (`log_name`, `properties`, `batch_uuid`, `event`, `subject_id`, `subject_type`, `description`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values ('default', '[]', null, 'updated', 2136, 'App\\Models\\Admin\\Post', 'updated', '2025-04-15 01:25:38', '2025-04-15 01:25:38')
      Bindings
      • 0: default
      • 1: []
      • 2: 
      • 3: updated
      • 4: 2136
      • 5: App\Models\Admin\Post
      • 6: updated
      • 7: 2025-04-15 01:25:38
      • 8: 2025-04-15 01:25:38
      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.09msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 20 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 20
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.43msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3962 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 3962
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new11.4msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7408 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7408
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8827 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8827
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 456 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 456
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.92msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 929 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 929
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new790μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 4 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 4
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4915 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4915
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.8msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1028 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1028
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10028 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10028
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.08msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7921 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7921
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.6msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8626 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8626
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.53msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5429 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5429
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#122aicare_prod_new1.03msselect * from `pages` where `slug` = 'about-us' limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: about-us
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#547aicare_prod_new740μsselect * from `faqs` limit 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • web_layout.blade.php#551aicare_prod_new930μsselect * from `term_policies`
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
    72Post.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Category
    19Category.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Tag
    4Tag.php#?
    App\Models\TermPolicy
    3TermPolicy.php#?
    App\User
    2User.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Page
    1Page.php#?
    App\Models\Admin\Faq
    1Faq.php#?
        locale
        id
        _token
        fPySxolGY3EuPHy0GzekaDUp83YWa7p9iuHqo68E
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/penyakit/gejala-dan-penyebab-penyakit-paru-obstruk...
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        path_info
        /penyakit/gejala-dan-penyebab-penyakit-paru-obstruktif-kronik
        status_code
        200
        
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        
        request_request
        []
        
        request_headers
        0 of 0
        array:20 [ "cookie" => array:1 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im1YZHdWa3YvTklxaE5QOW9uNU9EdWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiU2F5NndQbjR3QzVLSjZNWHA1TFRvSUhWa0g2d0hNT0J6d1dTNXRIYjBOZUJwTmVkWHJIVDNFNFUyeTA4Mk5uMjhaUVQ2ZUp6VkNYRkx4Y1NnTXlyRlRDS1dZdEFpM2t5MkJieEZtelFmN2xuckkvS0dBcGwwZ0ZIMVRweWlyZ1UiLCJtYWMiOiIyNzBmYWI5Y2JmODk5NDIzN2FmZWJiODlhZGM4MmIzNGM4MDU3MTcwNTAwYzNjYTkwZmNjMzk1OWRjN2EyNjQzIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; laravel_session=eyJpdiI6IjFsQlB5ZDFkclMrQS9TNWtZTGszR0E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiaHpSUUdNQ1NRSmFYU1RXYktEUzE1YjJNcUtDb09JOXJIa2EwdjZJTjRpSGZCSHF5K0R4YzBRdm5OYTBUUWhBWlVLNTVpVXd0bmZKMG1nV2thQU4wT0lZY0xrMVhmaGNLREdJOE1KbGx6MEVaOVVjWTNCMThXdGxxTk11eVhHcW0iLCJtYWMiOiJhOGFhNDhkMmM4NzdmNjIwMGFjNTZhNjcwY2UyNjM2ZWExOGVjNGY4ZjRjODBkNjNlY2QwNjY3YjVmOGQ5ZjJiIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3DXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Im1YZHdWa3YvTklxaE5QOW9uNU9EdWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiU2F5NndQbjR3QzVLSjZNWHA1TFRvSUhWa0g2d0hNT0J6d1dTNXRIYjBOZUJwTmVkWHJIVDNFNFUyeTA4Mk5uMjhaUVQ2Z" ] "accept-encoding" => array:1 [ 0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd" ] "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [ 0 => "document" ] "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [ 0 => "?1" ] "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [ 0 => "navigate" ] "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [ 0 => "none" ] "accept" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7" ] "user-agent" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)" ] "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [ 0 => "1" ] "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [ 0 => ""Windows"" ] "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [ 0 => "?0" ] "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [ 0 => ""HeadlessChrome";v="129", "Not=A?Brand";v="8", "Chromium";v="129"" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "pragma" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache" ] "x-real-ip" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.142.50.218" ] "x-forwarded-for" => array:1 [ 0 => "3.142.50.218" ] "x-forwarded-proto" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "x-forwarded-scheme" => array:1 [ 0 => "https" ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => "ai-care.atmatech.id" ] "connection" => array:1 [ 0 => "keep-alive" ] ]
        request_cookies
        0 of 0
        array:2 [ "XSRF-TOKEN" => "fPySxolGY3EuPHy0GzekaDUp83YWa7p9iuHqo68E" "laravel_session" => "qQEKCWkGekm24xmyPTrKAXnz7vgTSEzkujASwQzC" ]
        response_headers
        0 of 0
        array:5 [ "content-type" => array:1 [ 0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8" ] "cache-control" => array:1 [ 0 => "no-cache, private" ] "date" => array:1 [ 0 => "Mon, 14 Apr 2025 18:25:38 GMT" ] "set-cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkJZUVYyOUNLeENpc2ZNQmI0YVZOZ1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidmFMbU16QnJadEt0dnNVQUNKSXlKMDBEZndtay9LMlRPYkZad280RnJ4YmxVZ2Q4bnhVUnhNb2JKTU0xVlFjb0UxSTA4ZDB5ZkJQY0ZWOTZUWFVnMHlYS1VadGxmbm9SYnViMThwQWdMYWZBVzhRVDRBMk5POWMzR0d1OTViMCsiLCJtYWMiOiI5MThhNDFjOGRiZWQwNmQyYmZlZTgxOWQ2ZGVjMTRiNjg4YzU1MjljYjA5ZjkzZjk5YTEzZWZlMTFlMTU1MjhhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 14 Apr 2025 20:25:39 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkJZUVYyOUNLeENpc2ZNQmI0YVZOZ1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidmFMbU16QnJadEt0dnNVQUNKSXlKMDBEZndtay9LMlRPYkZad280RnJ4YmxVZ2Q4bnhVUnhNb2JKTU0xVlFjb0UxSTA4Z" 1 => "laravel_session=eyJpdiI6ImhVa29BRU1vSDlIY3JoL1NVV2NOUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOWdydllsbGx4RDkwRDFmWE8yR2ZtUjF3TE52Y0Y5cGhySjBHSm1vWmhma2FGVWJsNjltL3RONDdMODVpL3BTb1p1SWFDVVFVL2c3cGRxcEF6Yk4yZFB3QkN3N3E2SWdZK0VsWCtvdFFObjV4RDZFNTRXSGpxYnd0b1hJSmp4VjEiLCJtYWMiOiJhMTEzOTIzY2U4ODFlNzY4NWM1NGU3MDc2NGJhMDI2MjQ4ZDkxNjI3ODJhZWMyNjc5MDAxY2JkYzViM2FmNzcwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 14 Apr 2025 20:25:39 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponlylaravel_session=eyJpdiI6ImhVa29BRU1vSDlIY3JoL1NVV2NOUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOWdydllsbGx4RDkwRDFmWE8yR2ZtUjF3TE52Y0Y5cGhySjBHSm1vWmhma2FGVWJsNjltL3RONDdMODVpL3BTb1p1" ] "Set-Cookie" => array:2 [ 0 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkJZUVYyOUNLeENpc2ZNQmI0YVZOZ1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidmFMbU16QnJadEt0dnNVQUNKSXlKMDBEZndtay9LMlRPYkZad280RnJ4YmxVZ2Q4bnhVUnhNb2JKTU0xVlFjb0UxSTA4ZDB5ZkJQY0ZWOTZUWFVnMHlYS1VadGxmbm9SYnViMThwQWdMYWZBVzhRVDRBMk5POWMzR0d1OTViMCsiLCJtYWMiOiI5MThhNDFjOGRiZWQwNmQyYmZlZTgxOWQ2ZGVjMTRiNjg4YzU1MjljYjA5ZjkzZjk5YTEzZWZlMTFlMTU1MjhhIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 14-Apr-2025 20:25:39 GMT; path=/; secureXSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6IkJZUVYyOUNLeENpc2ZNQmI0YVZOZ1E9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoidmFMbU16QnJadEt0dnNVQUNKSXlKMDBEZndtay9LMlRPYkZad280RnJ4YmxVZ2Q4bnhVUnhNb2JKTU0xVlFjb0UxSTA4Z" 1 => "laravel_session=eyJpdiI6ImhVa29BRU1vSDlIY3JoL1NVV2NOUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOWdydllsbGx4RDkwRDFmWE8yR2ZtUjF3TE52Y0Y5cGhySjBHSm1vWmhma2FGVWJsNjltL3RONDdMODVpL3BTb1p1SWFDVVFVL2c3cGRxcEF6Yk4yZFB3QkN3N3E2SWdZK0VsWCtvdFFObjV4RDZFNTRXSGpxYnd0b1hJSmp4VjEiLCJtYWMiOiJhMTEzOTIzY2U4ODFlNzY4NWM1NGU3MDc2NGJhMDI2MjQ4ZDkxNjI3ODJhZWMyNjc5MDAxY2JkYzViM2FmNzcwIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Mon, 14-Apr-2025 20:25:39 GMT; path=/; httponlylaravel_session=eyJpdiI6ImhVa29BRU1vSDlIY3JoL1NVV2NOUWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiOWdydllsbGx4RDkwRDFmWE8yR2ZtUjF3TE52Y0Y5cGhySjBHSm1vWmhma2FGVWJsNjltL3RONDdMODVpL3BTb1p1" ] ]
        session_attributes
        0 of 0
        array:4 [ "locale" => "id" "_token" => "fPySxolGY3EuPHy0GzekaDUp83YWa7p9iuHqo68E" "_previous" => array:1 [ "url" => "https://ai-care.atmatech.id/penyakit/gejala-dan-penyebab-penyakit-paru-obstruktif-kronik" ] "_flash" => array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ] ]
        ClearShow all
        Date ↕MethodURLData
        #12025-04-15 01:25:39GET/penyakit/gejala-dan-penyebab-penyakit-paru-obstruktif-kronik11133102