Penyebab Gagal Ginjal Akut pada Anak

Penyebab Gagal Ginjal Akut pada Anak
Credits: Freepik. Anak-anak juga dapat mengalami gagal ginjal.

Bagikan :


Beberapa waktu terakhir ini, di Indonesia dilaporkan terjadi kasus gagal ginjal akut pada anak. Sebenarnya kasus gagal ginjal akut pada anak bukanlah hal yang baru. Walaupun penyakit ginjal seringkali menyerang orang dewasa, namun gagal ginjal juga bisa dialami oleh anak-anak.

 

Apa itu Gagal Ginjal Akut?

Ginjal memegang peranan penting di dalam tubuh, yang berfungsi sebagai sistem penyaring tubuh. Ginjal membantu mengontrol kadar air dan membuang limbah melalui urine. Selain itu, ginjal juga membantu mengelola tekanan darah dan memproduksi sel darah merah, kadar kalsium serta mineral.

Gagal ginjal akut terjadi ketika ginjal secara tiba-tiba tidak bisa menyaring produk limbah dari darah. Saat hal ini terjadi, maka dapat terjadi penumpukan limbah berbahaya dan ketidakseimbangan kimia darah di tubuh.

Gagal ginjal akut bisa berakibat fatal dan membutuhkan perawatan intensif. Namun dengan perawatan yang tepat dan lebih dini, maka fungsi normal ginjal dapat dipulihkan kembali.

 

Penyebab Gagal Ginjal Akut pada Anak

Gagal ginjal akut pada anak-anak dapat disebabkan beberapa hal, di antaranya:

  • Menurunnya aliran darah ke ginjal selama beberapa waktu akibat kehilangan darah, tindakan operasi atau syok
  • Adanya sumbatan pada saluran kemih
  • Mengonsumsi obat-obatan yang menyebabkan masalah pada ginjal
  • Kondisi yang dapat menghambat aliran darah dan oksigen ke ginjal, seperti henti jantung
  • Sindrom uremik-hemolitik. Biasanya disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri E. Coli, gagal ginjal dapat terjadi karena pembuluh darah ginjal tersumbat
  • Glomerulonefritis. Peradangan pada bagian ginjal yang disebut glomerulus. Jika glomerulus meradang, hal ini dapat menyebabkan fungsi ginjal terganggu

 

Seperti Apa Gejala Gagal Ginjal Akut pada Anak

Gejala gagal ginjal akut pada tiap anak dapat berbeda. Bahkan pada beberapa kasus tidak menimbulkan gejala dan terdeteksi dari pemeriksaan laboratorium.

Berikut gejala yang paling sering dialami:

  • Pendarahan
  • Demam
  • Kemerahan
  • Diare yang disertai darah
  • Muntah-muntah
  • Nyeri perut
  • Tidak atau jarang buang air kecil
  • Kulit terlihat pucat
  • Pembengkakan pada jaringan tubuh
  • Peradangan pada mata
  • Perut terlihat membesar

 

Bisakah Gagal Ginjal Akut Dicegah?

Gagal ginjal akut memang sulit diprediksi dan dicegah, namun Anda dapat mengurangi risiko kejadiannya dengan cara:

  • Perhatikan aturan pakai dalam penggunaan obat-obatan antinyeri, terutama obat-obatan yang dijual bebas
  • Melakukan konsultasi ke dokter untuk menjaga kesehatan ginjal dan mengatasi masalah ginjal
  • Menerapkan gaya hidup sehat

Per tanggal 19 Oktober 2022, Kemenkes RI mengadakan konferensi pers terkait Perkembangan Acute Kidney Injury di Indonesia. Juru bicara Kemenkes RI yaitu dr. Mohammad Syahril, Sp.P, MPH menyampaikan bahwa konsumsi obat sediaan cair bagi anak-anak sebaiknya dihentikan untuk sementara.

 

Gagal ginjal akut terjadi secara tiba-tiba. Pada beberapa kasus, fungsi ginjal dapat bekerja normal kembali. Namun, jika tidak mendapatkan pengobatan segera gagal ginjal akut dapat menyebabkan komplikasi lain di tubuh, seperti anemia, masalah pada jantung dan pembuluh darah, serta tulang.

Segera bawa anak ke dokter jika gejala yang dirasakan tidak membaik atau semakin memberat. Pengobatan dini dapat mencegah kerusakan ginjal lebih lanjut.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 23:08

Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. Renal Failure in Children. Available from: https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/renal-failure-children

Kemkes (2018). Waspada, Anak-anak pun Bisa Terserang Gagal Ginjal. Available from: https://www.kemkes.go.id/article/view/18111400003/waspada-anak-anak-pun-bisa-terserang-gagal-ginjal.html

Mayo Clinic (2022). Acute kidney failure. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kidney-failure/symptoms-causes/syc-20369048

KidsHealth. Kidney Diseases in Childhood. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/kidney-diseases-childhood.html

Press Conference: Perkembangan Acute Kidney Injury di Indonesia. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pOoWK_cx4U

Stanford Medicine Children's Health. Kidney Disease in Children. Available from: https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=kidney-disease-in-children-90-P03111

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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