Delirium Tidak Sama dengan Demensia, Ini Penyebabnya

Delirium Tidak Sama dengan Demensia, Ini Penyebabnya
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Sebagian orang salah mengenali delirium sebagai demensia. Faktanya, delirium dan demensia berbeda.

Delirium adalah jenis kebingungan yang bisa terjadi saat seseorang mengalami kondisi kesehatan tertentu. Kebingungan yang dialami berkembang dengan cepat dan dapat memengaruhi kemampuan dalam memusatkan perhatian serta kesadaran.

 

Gejala Delirium

Gejala delirium memang mirip dengan gejala demensia sehingga terkadang tidak mudah membedakannya. Gejala delirium bisa dimulai dalam beberapa jam atau beberapa hari, di mana gejalanya menyertai masalah medis tertentu.

Gejala mungkin datang dan pergi pada siang hari dan cenderung memburuk di malam hari atau dalam kondisi yang gelap atau di lingkungan yang asing seperti di rumah sakit.

Gejala utama delirium, di antaranya:

  • Kesulitan berkonsentrasi pada satu topik dan sering tiba-tiba mengganti topik
  • Mudah terdistraksi
  • Terjebak pada kebingungan diri sendiri dibanding menanggapi pertanyaan orang lain
  • Penurunan aktivitas atau keengganan melakukan sesuatu
  • Tidak sadar siapa dirinya atau di mana sedang berada
  • Ingatan yang lemah
  • Kesulitan mengingat kata-kata yang akan diucapkan
  • Kesulitan memahami perkataan orang lain
  • Bicara bertele-tele
  • Kesulitan membaca atau menulis

Saat mengalami delirium, ada perubahan perilaku dan emosional yang juga di alami, di antaranya:

  • Kecemasan, rasa takut, tidak percaya pada orang lain
  • Depresi
  • Mudah marah
  • Kurangnya minat pada apa pun
  • Perubahan suasana hati yang cepat
  • Perubahan kepribadian
  • Melihat hal-hal yang tidak dilihat orang lain
  • Mudah gelisah, cemas atau agresif
  • Mengerang, memanggil atau membuat suara
  • Menjadi lebih pendiam dan menyendiri
  • Gerakan menjadi lebih lamban
  • Perubahan kebiasaan tidur
  • Siklus tidur-bangun yang berubah

 

Baca Juga: Kenali Jenis Demensia, Ternyata Penyebab dan Gejalanya Beragam

Penyebab Delirium

Penelitian menemukan bahwa delirium lebih sering dialami orang yang dirawat di rumah sakit, terutama di ICU. Penyebab delirium juga cukup kompleks karena delirium tidak disebabkan oleh penyebab tunggal.

Delirium dapat terjadi ketika pemicu stres seperti peradangan atau infeksi mengganggu fungsi otak. Kondisi ini umum dialami orang yang sedang sakit.

Berikut adalah beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya delirium, di antaranya:

  • Konsumsi obat-obatan tertentu seperti obat penenang, obat tekanan darah tinggi, obat tidur, obat pereda nyeri
  • Penyakit akut yang sedang dialami
  • Infeksi
  • Memburuknya gejala penyakit kronis yang dialami
  • Kekurangan oksigen
  • Tersumbatnya arteri
  • Nyeri yang parah
  • Dehidrasi
  • Gangguan tidur
  • Kondisi metabolik tubuh seperti kadar gula darah rendah atau ketidakseimbangan elektrolit tubuh
  • Sindrom putus alkohol khususnya dialami oleh orang yang ketergantungan terhadap alkohol
  • Pembedahan yang baru saja dialami

 

Baca Juga: Segala Hal Tentang Demensia, Mulai Dari Penyebab Hingga Cara Mencegahnya

 

Delirium lebih umum dialami oleh orang yang lanjut usia, orang dengan demensia, orang yang mengalami penyakit kronis, orang yang menyalahgunakan minuman beralkohol. Tidak ada obat khusus yang dapat menyembuhkan delirium. Untuk mengatasi delirium, dokter akan mencari tahu penyebab dan faktor penyebabnya.

 

Konsultasikan dengan dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care apabila orang dengan penyakit kronis yang dirawat di rumah menunjukkan tanda-tanda delirium. Dokter akan membantu merekomendasikan perawatan yang dibutuhkan sesuai dengan kondisi pasien.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Rabu, 10 Mei 2023 | 04:00

Mayo Clinic (2022). Delirium. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/delirium/symptoms-causes/syc-20371386 

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Delirium. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15252-delirium 

Chitra Badii (2022). What’s Delirium and How Does It Happen?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/delirium 

Bhanu Gogia and Xiang Fang (2023). Differentiating Delirium Versus Dementia in the Elderly. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK570594/ 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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