Bahaya Hepatitis pada Ibu Hamil dan Cara Penanganannya

Bahaya Hepatitis pada Ibu Hamil dan Cara Penanganannya
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Hepatitis adalah peradangan pada liver atau hati yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan serius. Penyakit hepatitis dapat disebabkan oleh virus seperti hepatitis A, B, C, D dan E. Pada ibu hamil, hepatitis yang paling sering terjadi adalah hepatitis B dan C. Bumil perlu mewaspadai penyakit ini karena dapat menular dari ibu ke bayi.

 

Bahaya Hepatitis B dan C pada Ibu Hamil dan Bayi

Dilansir dari American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist, hepatitis B dan C merupakan infeksi serius yang dapat memengaruhi liver atau hati. Kedua penyakit ini mudah menular juga dapat berkembang menjadi penyakit yang serius dan kronis.

Ibu hamil yang terkonfirmasi hepatitis B dan C perlu memerhatikan kesehatan ibu dan janin karena ibu dapat menularkan virus hepatitis pada si kecil. Banyak ibu hamil tidak menyadari jika sedang terinfeksi hepatitis karena penyakit ini terkadang tidak menunjukkan gejala serius. Untuk itu, ibu hamil dianjurkan menjalani pemeriksaan hepatitis sebagai langkah deteksi dini hepatitis B dan C.

Pengaruh hepatitis B dan C pada ibu hamil

Pada ibu hamil dengan daya tahan tubuh yang baik, infeksi hepatitis B dapat sembuh dengan sendirinya dalam beberapa minggu. Setelah terinfeksi hepatitis B, ibu akan menjadi kebal terhadap hepatitis B. Namun berbeda dengan hepatitis B, orang yang pernah terinfeksi hepatitis C akan menjadi carrier bagi virus tersebut dan dapat berkembang menjadi penyakit hati serius seperti salah satunya sirosis hati.

Komplikasi lain dari hepatitis B dan C pada ibu hamil adalah meningkatnya risiko perlemakan hati atau acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP). Meskipun kondisi ini jarang terjadi, namun perlemakan hati pada ibu hamil adalah kondisi serius yang dapat meningkatkan risiko perdarahan dan kelahiran prematur.

Pengaruh hepatitis B dan C pada bayi

Pada janin dalam kandungan, virus hepatitis umumnya tidak memengaruhi kesehatan. Namun kondisi ini dapat meningkatkan risiko persalinan seperti bayi lahir prematur, bayi lahir dengan berat rendah atau kelainan fungsi tubuh bayi.

Selain itu, bayi yang lahir dari ibu yang terinfeksi hepatitis B juga berisiko terkena hepatitis B ketika lahir. Bayi dapat tertular hepatitis B melalui paparan darah dan cairan vagina ibu selama persalinan. Bila bayi tidak segera divaksin hepatitis B sejak lahir, infeksi dapat berkembang serius pada bayi dan berkembang menjadi kronis serta menyebabkan kematian.

 

Penanganan Hepatitis pada Ibu Hamil

Dilansir dari Hepatitis B Foundation, bayi yang lahir dari ibu dengan hepatitis B memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami hepatitis B kronis jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Untuk itu penting bagi setiap ibu hamil melakukan pemeriksaan hepatitis B sebagai langkah penyebaran virus dari ibu ke bayi.

Bagi ibu dengan viral load hepatitis cukup tinggi, dokter dapat meresepkan obat-obatan untuk mengurangi risiko penularan virus. Pengobatan dapat dilakukan di trimester ketiga kehamilan, tergantung seberapa tinggi viral load yang dimiliki ibu. Pada beberapa kasus, pengobatan dapat berlanjut hingga 4-12 minggu setelah persalinan sesuai kondisi kesehatan ibu.

Ada beberapa langkah pengobatan yang bisa direkomendasikan dokter bagi ibu hamil dengan hepatitis, termasuk salah satunya adalah pemberian vaksin imunoglobulin. Apabila hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan ibu hamil postif hepatitis, maka sebaiknya konsultasikan ke dokter agar mendapat penanganan yang tepat.

 

Perlukah Bayi Baru Lahir Mendapat Imunisasi Hepatitis?

Jawabannya adalah perlu. Bayi yang baru lahir dianjurkan segera mendapat vaksin hepatitis B dalam waktu 12-24 jam setelah kelahirannya. Setelah itu bayi dianjurkan mendapat vaksin 4 minggu dari imunisasi pertama dan dilanjutkan mendapat imunisasi ke-2 dan ke-3 setelah 5 bulan. Pemberian vaksin hepatitis bertujuan untuk mengurangi risiko hepatitis berkembang menjadi kronis atau menetap selama bertahun-tahun.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 19:02

Boskey, E. (2022). What to Know About Hepatitis and Pregnancy?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/hepatitis-and-pregnancy-5189747

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in Pregnancy. Available from: https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/hepatitis-b-and-hepatitis-c-in-pregnancy

Thomas, C. Hepatitis B in Pregnancy. Available from: https://www.babycentre.co.uk/a1506/hepatitis-b-in-pregnancy

CDC. (2020). Protect Your Baby Life. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/pdfs/hepbperinatal-protectwhenpregnant.pdf

Hepatitis B Foundation. Pregnancy and Hepatitis B. Available from: https://www.hepb.org/treatment-and-management/pregnancy-and-hbv/#

 

Children Hospital of Philadelphia. Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy. Available from: https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/acute-fatty-liver-pregnancy#

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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9776
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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