Ciri Infeksi Kulit dan Ragam Penyebabnya

Ciri Infeksi Kulit dan Ragam Penyebabnya
Ilustrasi masalah kesehatan. Credits: Freepik.

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Infeksi kulit bisa terjadi apabila ada kuman yang menginfeksi kulit atau memasuki jaringan di bawah kulit melalui luka, goresan, tusukan atau bahkan gigitan. Infeksi kulit bisa bervariasi, mulai dari yang ringan hingga berat.

Infeksi kulit ringan bisa diobati di rumah dengan perawatan yang tepat. Sementara itu, infeksi kulit yang lebih berat membutuhkan perawatan medis lebih lanjut. Infeksi bisa terjadi di satu area kulit atau dapat menyebar lebih dalam ke jaringan kulit dan meluas.

 

Ciri-Ciri Infeksi Kulit

Infeksi kulit ditandai oleh beberapa gejala, di antaranya:

  • Keluarnya nanah atau cairan dari luka
  • Kemerahan pada area kulit di sekitar luka
  • Area kulit yang terinfeksi terasa hangat
  • Nyeri saat ditekan
  • Tumbuhnya kerak kekuningan atau seperti jerawat
  • Luka yang terlihat seperti melepuh
  • Rasa sakit di luka yang semakin parah setelah beberapa hari
  • Pembengkakan pada luka yang makin berat
  • Demam
  • Luka belum sembuh setelah 10 hari

Baca Juga: 5 Kebiasaan yang Ternyata Tidak Sehat Bagi Kulit

 

Penyebab Infeksi Kulit

Infeksi kulit bisa disebabkan oleh berbagai jenis kuman, di antaranya:

Bakteri

Sebenarnya, ada banyak bakteri yang berkontak atau berada di kulit yang normalnya tidak akan menyebabkan infeksi. Oleh karena itu, infeksi umumnya terjadi ketika bakteri masuk melalui folikel rambut, luka kecil, goresan, tusukan, luka bakar, gigitan hewan atau serangga atau masalah kulit yang sudah ada sebelumnya.

Infeksi bakteri bisa terjadi setelah melakukan berbagai kegiatan. Anda dapat terinfeksi setelah berkebun atau berenang di area yang terkontaminasi. Biasanya, bakteri yang banyak menyebabkan infeksi pada kulit adalah bakteri Staphylococcus dan Streptococcus. Infeksi bakteri juga bisa hanya menyebabkan masalah di satu area kulit, atau menyebar luas dan menyebabkan gejala yang bisa dirasakan di tubuh seperti demam.

Beberapa nama jenis infeksi kulit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri di antaranya:

  • Karbunkel
  • Ektima
  • Eritrasma
  • Folikulitis
  • Furunkel
  • Impetigo
  • Limfadenitis
  • Selulitis
  • Erisipelas
  • Limfangitis
  • Lepra
  • TB kulit atau skrofuloderma
  • Sifilis

 

Virus

Selain bakteri, virus juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada kulit. Beberapa infeksi virus yang bisa memengaruhi kulit di antaranya:

  • Herpes simpleks
  • Herpes zoster
  • Cacar air
  • Molluscum contagiosum
  • Kutil
  • Campak
  • Flu singapura (penyakit tangan, kaki, dan mulut)

Infeksi virus pada kulit sering kali menyebar melalui kontak langsung dengan kulit penderita lain yang terinfeksi, atau bisa juga melalui droplet yang mengandung virus.

Baca Juga: Mengenal Jenis Folikulitis, Kondisi Peradangan Pada Folikel Rambut

 

Jamur

Ada jutaan spesies jamur yang banyak berada di kotoran, tanaman, permukaan benda rumah tangga, serta pada kulit kita. Terkadang, jamur bisa menyebabkan masalah pada kulit. Infeksi kulit akibat jamur bisa ditandai dengan gejala seperti kulit bersisik, kemerahan, gatal, pembengkakan dan melepuh.

Infeksi jamur pada kulit banyak ditemukan di area lipatan kulit seperti ketiak, sela paha, kaki, atau area di mana kelembapan dan panas bertahan. Beberapa jenis infeksi jamur pada kulit di antaranya:

  • Tinea
  • Kurap
  • Jamur kuku
  • Kandidiasis kulit
  • Ruam popok

 

Parasit

Infeksi kulit juga bisa terjadi akibat parasit yang menginvasi kulit. Berikut adalah beberapa jenis infeksi kulit akibat parasit di antaranya:

  • Kutu rambut
  • Kutu busuk (bedbugs)
  • Kudis atau skabies
  • Cutaneous larva migrans

Infeksi parasit pada kulit membutuhkan obat-obatan untuk membunuh parasit dan meredakan gejala yang menyebabkannya. Pengobatan penting dilakukan agar parasit tidak menyebar dan bertahan lebih lama di tubuh.

 

Orang lanjut usia, penderita diabetes, individu dengan sistem kekebalan tubuh yang lemah, malnutrisi dan obesitas lebih rentan terhadap infeksi kulit. Apabila Anda memiliki masalah kulit seperti kemerahan, pembengkakan, nyeri, gatal dan keluarnya nanah pada luka, maka sebaiknya periksakan diri ke dokter untuk mendapatkan pengobatan yang tepat.

Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Kamis, 21 Desember 2023 | 00:52

Angela Nelson (2023). Skin Infection. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/skin-infection-signs 

Medline Plus (2023). Skin Infections. Available from: https://medlineplus.gov/skininfections.html 

CDC (2020). Skin Infections. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/skin-infections.html 

Wingfield E. Rehmus, MD, MPH (2023). Overview of Bacterial Skin Infections. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/home/skin-disorders/bacterial-skin-infections/overview-of-bacterial-skin-infections 

MaryAnn De Pietro, CRT (2023). What To Know About Skin Infection Types, Causes, and Treatment. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/skin-infection 

WebMD (2022). Fungal Infections of the Skin. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/fungal-infections-skin 

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      Backtrace
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/ActivityLogger.php:174
      • vendor/spatie/laravel-activitylog/src/Traits/LogsActivity.php:88
      • app/Http/Controllers/WebController.php:779
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
    • single-post-healthpedia.blade.php#37aicare_prod_new1.07msselect * from `users` where `users`.`id` = 20 limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 20
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.single-post-healthpedia:37
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.26msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7907 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7907
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7239 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7239
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.82msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9602 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9602
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new10.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 5848 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 5848
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.93msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8297 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8297
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.89msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9887 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9887
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.29msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 7783 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 7783
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 8520
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.1msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9098 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9098
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9096
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\Admin\Tag
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\User
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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