Bulimia Tak Sama Dengan Anoreksia, Ini Dia Gejalanya

Bulimia Tak Sama Dengan Anoreksia, Ini Dia Gejalanya

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Bulimia merupakan salah satu gangguan makan yang sering ditemui. Saat mengalami bulimia, seseorang akan selalu tidak merasa puas akan bentuk tubuh dan berat badannya. Kondisi ini sering dikaitkan dengan anoreksia, tetapi keduanya memiliki gejala yang berbeda.

Orang dengan bulimia umumnya akan makan berlebihan secara diam-diam dalam porsi yang besar dan beragam seolah kehilangan kendali atas makanan. Setelah semua makanan masuk, ia akan mencoba membuang kalori berlebihan itu dengan cara yang tidak sehat, misalnya memuntahkan kembali isi perut, menggunakan pencahar, mengonsumsi suplemen penurun berat badan, atau melakukan bilas lambung. Mereka juga cenderung melakukan hal-hal berbahaya untuk mencegah kenaikan berat badan dengan melakukan diet yang ketat, berpuasa, atau berolahraga berlebihan.

Gejala

Seseorang yang mengalami bulimia selalu merasa tidak puas dengan berat badan dan bentuk tubuh, selain itu dapat diliputi dengan rasa takut berat akan kenaikan berat badan. Namun, di sisi lain, seseorang dengan bulimia dapat kehilangan kontrol terhadap makanan. Anda akan sering makan tidak terkontrol dalam porsi besar dan tidak berhenti makan.

Keinginan yang berlawanan dari penderita bulimia menyebabkan seseorang dapat memaksakan diri untuk memuntahkan kembali makanan atau olahraga berlebihan, menggunakan pencahar, obat-obatan, atau bahkan bilas lambung. Hal ini terutama dilakukan setelah mengonsumsi makanan dalam jumlah besar. Tak jarang, seseorang dengan bulimia dapat berpuasa dan membatasi kalori secara berlebihan.

Oleh karena itu, ada beberapa gejala yang sering dialami penderita bulimia seperti dilansir NHS UK, berikut:

  • Sering merasa kelelahan.
  • Sering mengalami sakit tenggorokan.
  • Perut kembung dan terasa sakit.
  • Wajah bengkak.
  • Sering berusaha menyakiti diri sendiri.

Faktor risiko

Umumnya, wanita lebih sering mengalami bulimia dibandingkan pria yang mungkin diawali ketika masih remaja atau di awal usia dewasa.

Beberapa faktor berikut dapat meningkatkan risiko bulimia:

  • Faktor biologis

Saudara kandung, orang tua, atau anak-anak dengan gangguan makan dapat lebih berisiko mengalami bulimia karena adanya hubungan genetik. Selain itu, kondisi kelebihan berat badan saat remaja juga meningkatkan risiko bulimia.

  • Faktor psikologi dan emosional

Perasaan depresi, gangguan kecemasan dapat mempengaruhi seseorang mengalami bulimia. Mereka yang mengalami bulimia cenderung selalu berpikir negatif terhadap dirinya, terutama jika ada kondisi traumatik yang meningkatkan stres dan mendorong dirinya melakukan bulimia.

  • Faktor diet

Pelaku diet memiliki risiko mengalami bulimia ketika dalam tekanan stres yang berlarut-larut dan perasaan gagal dalam menjalani pola diet tertentu.

Komplikasi

Bulimia dapat menyebabkan komplikasi baik secara fisik maupun psikologis. Gejala fisik yang dapat terjadi pada bulimia, seperti adanya kerusakan gigi dan gusi, gangguan jantung seperti detak jantung yang tidak teratur atau gagal jantung, gangguan haid, gangguan pencernaan, dan dehidrasi.

Selain itu, beberapa kondisi psikologis juga dapat terjadi akibat bulimia, antara lain:

  • Hubungan sosial yang kurang baik dan kehilangan kepercayaan diri.
  • Kecemasan, depresi, gangguan kepribadian seperti bipolar atau lainnya.
  • Penyalahgunaan obat-obatan terlarang.
  • Berusaha menyakiti diri sendiri atau keinginan untuk mengakhiri hidup.

Pencegahan dan pengobatan

Dibutuhkan banyak kerja sama dan komunikasi yang baik dengan keluarga dan sahabat untuk selalu memberikan dukungan pada seseorang yang mengalami bulimia. Psikoterapi juga akan membantu mengatasi gejala bulimia, terutama bila bulimia disebabkan oleh adanya trauma dan masalah kepercayaan diri.

Dokter juga mungkin memberikan obat anti depresi untuk menurunkan gejala bulimia selama psikoterapi berlangsung. Selain itu, pola makan dan makanan bernutrisi akan diberikan untuk mengatasi gejala bulimia.

Jika Anda menemukan salah satu gejala bulimia, terutama keinginan makan dalam porsi besar yang abnormal dan memuntahkan kembali makanan Anda, carilah pertolongan profesional untuk melewati krisis sebelum gangguan makan menjadi tak terkontrol.

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Ayu Munawaroh, MKK
Last Updated : Jumat, 14 April 2023 | 12:17

Mayo Clinic. Bulimia nervosa (2018). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353621.

NHS. Treatment - Bulimia (2020). Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/conditions/bulimia/treatment/.

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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