Tanda-Tanda Ibu Hamil Kekurangan Zat Besi

Tanda-Tanda Ibu Hamil Kekurangan Zat Besi
Credits: Freepik

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Zat besi adalah mineral penting yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh, termasuk selama kehamilan. Zat besi memiliki peran utama dalam produksi hemoglobin, yang membawa oksigen dalam darah. Selama kehamilan, volume darah ibu hamil akan meningkat secara signifikan. Darah ekstra ini diperlukan untuk mendukung pertumbuhan janin dan plasenta.

Kekurangan zat besi selama kehamilan dapat menyebabkan anemia yang memengaruhi kehamilan dan janin. Ibu hamil perlu mendapatkan suplementasi kehamilan untuk mencegah kekurangan zat besi.

 

Manfaat Zat Besi Selama Kehamilan

Zat besi tersebut memiliki banyak manfaat selama kehamilan, di antaranya:

  • Mengatasi anemia kehamilan
  • Mendukung pertumbuhan janin dengan mencukupi suplai oksigen
  • Mengurangi risiko kelahiran prematur
  • Mendukung kesehatan ibu hamil seperti mengurangi risiko kelelahan, lemas dan masalah kesehatan lainnya
  • Membantu masa pemulihan setelah persalinan

 

Dampak Kekurangan Zat Besi Selama Kehamilan

Kekurangan zat besi selama kehamilan bisa berdampak buruk bagi ibu hamil dan janin, di antaranya:

  • Risiko terkena penyakit anemia parah selama kehamilan
  • Risiko berat badan lahir rendah pada janin
  • Risiko persalinan prematur, yaitu persalinan sebelum usia kehamilan 37 minggu yang bisa berbahaya dan meningkatkan risiko perawatan intensif
  • Hambatan pertumbuhan intrautrein (IUGR) yang dapat memengaruhi perkembangan organ dan sistem tubuh janin
  • Memengaruhi perkembangan otak janin yang dapat berdampak jangka panjang terhadap perkembangan intelektual dan kognitif anak

 

Baca Juga: Masalah Kehamilan Akibat Ibu Kekurangan Nutrisi dan Pola Makan Tidak Sehat

 

Tanda-Tanda Kekurangan Zat Besi Ibu Hamil

Tanda-tanda kekurangan zat besi pada ibu hamil terutama ditandai dengan beberapa hal berikut:

  • Kelelahan
  • Kelemahan
  • Pusing
  • Sakit kepala
  • Wajah pucat atau kekuningan
  • Sesak napas

Saat ibu hamil mengalami anemia parah, maka denyut jantungnya menjadi tidak teratur, tekanan darahnya turun dan ia akan kesulitan berkonsentrasi.

 

Suplementasi Zat Besi bagi Ibu Hamil

Ibu hamil perlu memastikan bahwa mereka mengonsumsi makanan yang kaya zat besi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi selama kehamilan. Kebutuhan zat besi dapat dicukupi dengan mengonsumsi beberapa makanan berikut:

  • Daging merah seperti daging sapi
  • Ayam dan unggas lainnya
  • Ikan seperti ikan salmon, tuna, lele, bandeng, tongkol, teri, kakap merah dan ikan tenggiri
  • Kacang-kacangan dan biji-bijian
  • Sayuran berdaun hijau seperti bayam, kale, dan brokoli
  • Buah-buahan kering
  • Sereal yang difortifikasi

 

Baca Juga: Manfaat Asam Folat dan Dosis Selama Kehamilan

 

Namun karena ibu hamil mungkin kesulitan mencukupi zat besi dari makanan (terkait gejala morning sickness), maka ibu hamil membutuhkan suplementasi zat besi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan zat besi dan mencegah semua dampak negatifnya.

Suplemen zat besi diresepkan oleh dokter berdasarkan kondisi kesehatannya. Dosis yang disarankan biasanya berkisar 27-60 mg per hari. Apabila Anda diresepkan suplemen zat besi, maka Anda perlu mengikuti petunjuk yang diberikan oleh dokter, di antaranya:

  • Mengonsumsi suplemen zat besi satu jam sebelum makan untuk meningkatkan penyerapannya
  • Hindari minum suplemen zat besi dengan susu, teh atau kopi yang dapat mengganggu penyerapan zat besi
  • Suplemen kalsium bisa menghambat penyerapan zat besi, berikan jarak antara suplemen zat besi dan kalsium
  • Waspada efek samping yang mungkin muncul seperti sembelit, mual atau diare

 

Tidak semua ibu hamil membutuhkan suplemen zat besi. Anda perlu berbicara dengan dokter kandungan Anda bila Anda membutuhkan suplemen zat besi selama kehamilan. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan terkait kehamilan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Rabu, 22 Mei 2024 | 08:47
Tags : Ibu hamil gizi ibu hamil kekurangan zat besi

Mayo Clinic (2022). Iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy: Prevention tips. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/in-depth/anemia-during-pregnancy/art-20114455 

Michael K. Georgieff, MD (2020). Iron Deficiency in Pregnancy. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7492370/ 

Michael K. Georgieff, et al(2019). The Benefits and Risks of Iron Supplementation in Pregnancy and Childhood. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7173188/ 

Harvard TH Chan (2023). Iron. Available from: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/iron/ 

Eva Dasher (2021). Iron during pregnancy. Available from: https://www.babycenter.com/pregnancy/diet-and-fitness/iron-in-your-pregnancy-diet_1468 

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Request history8.1.29PHP Version811msRequest Duration6MBMemory UsageGET {category}/{slug}Route
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