Mengenal Pica, Ketika Anak Gemar Makan Benda yang Bukan Makanan

Mengenal Pica, Ketika Anak Gemar Makan Benda yang Bukan Makanan
Credits: Freepik

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Anda mungkin pernah menonton berita di televisi mengenai anak yang gemar makan benda-benda aneh yang bukan makanan, misalnya seperti krayon, kapur, kertas, tanah, rambut atau bahkan kotorannya sendiri. Tidak, ini tidak ada hubungannya dengan mistis! Dunia medis mengenali ini sebagai gangguan makan yang disebut dengan istilah pica.

Pica sebenarnya tidak hanya bisa dialami oleh anak-anak, namun juga orang dewasa, misalnya seperti orang dewasa yang sedang hamil dan mengidam makan yang bukan makanan, seperti lem, logam, dan lain sebagainya.

 

Apa itu Pica?

Pica adalah gangguan makan yang ditandai dengan perilaku memakan benda yang bukan makanan pada umumnya, seperti serpihan tembok, kotoran, tanah, kertas dan lain sebagainya. Lebih khusus lagi, anak yang mengalami pica cenderung memakan benda-benda yang tidak memiliki nilai gizi nyata. Pada anak-anak, pica lebih sering dialami oleh anak dengan gangguan perkembangan otak, misalnya seperti pada anak dengan gangguan spektrum autisme.

Penting untuk dicatat, perilaku ini tidak sama dengan bayi atau anak di bawah usia 3 tahun yang gemar memasukkan benda asing ke dalam mulut.

 

Penyebab Pica

Dokter tidak tahu pasti apa yang menyebabkan anak mengalami pica. Namun para ahli menemukan bahwa gangguan makan ini lebih sering dialami oleh anak dengan autisme, anak dengan gangguan OCD atau skizofrenia, anak dengan malnutrisi atau kelaparan. Yang artinya pica dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa hal seperti:

  • Gangguan perkembangan dan intelektual seperti gangguan autisme spektrum
  • Kondisi kesehatan mental seperti skizofrenia atau OCD
  • Kekurangan nutrisi seperti zat besi maupun seng
  • Stres akibat pelecehan yang pernah dialami atau hidup dalam kemiskinan

 

Apakah Pica Berbahaya?

Makan benda-benda yang bukan termasuk makanan pada umumnya membawa risiko serius bagi kesehatan, termasuk keracunan, infeksi parasit, penyumbatan usus maupun tersedak. Sehingga ketika Anda menyadari adanya pica pada anak, Anda harus segera membawanya untuk mendapatkan pemeriksaan medis darurat.

 

Pengobatan untuk Mengatasi Pica

Ketika dokter mencurigai adanya gejala pica, maka dokter akan melakukan beberapa pemeriksaan seperti tes darah, pemeriksaan usus, atau yang terkait dengan racun yang ditemukan di dalam tubuh. Sebelum menegakkan diagnosis, dokter akan melakukan evaluasi terkait dengan gangguan lain yang dimiliki seperti gangguan perkembangan, gangguan intelektual, gangguan OCD atau gangguan lain yang memicu perilaku gangguan makan tersebut.

Pengobatan yang diberikan pada anak dengan gangguan pica terutama adalah pengobatan pada komplikasi yang disebabkan oleh pica itu sendiri, misalnya seperti sembelit, diare, infeksi, kekurangan nutrisi, keracunan, dan lain sebagainya.

Pica mungkin mirip dengan gangguan makan lain seperti bulimia, sehingga dokter perlu merujuk anak Anda untuk mengunjungi psikiater anak.

Mengatasi anak dengan pica mungkin akan cukup menantang. Dibutuhkan kerja sama yang baik antara orang tua dengan dokter untuk membantu mengelola situasi agar menjadi lebih baik. Berikan perhatian lebih pada anak, terutama saat tiba-tiba ia bersembunyi dan diam-diam makan benda yang bukan makanan.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Anita Larasati Priyono
Last Updated : Kamis, 13 April 2023 | 10:31

Kidshealth (2019). Pica. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/pica.html

Sherry Christiansen (2021). What Is Pica?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/pica-5083875

WebMD (2021). Mental Health and Pica. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-pica

Gretchen Holm (2019). Everything You Need to Know About Pica. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/pica

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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.34msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9941 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.76msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8319 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.97msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9454 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • 0: 9454
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        • 0: 9599
        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.88msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3711 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        • 0: 3711
        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
      • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.51msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6723 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        • 0: 6650
        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        Bindings
        • 0: 6608
        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Backtrace
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        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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        Hints
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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        Hints
        • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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        Backtrace
        • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
        • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      App\Models\Admin\Post
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