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  • Bulimia pada Anak: Penyebab, Gejala dan Cara Mengatasinya

Bulimia pada Anak: Penyebab, Gejala dan Cara Mengatasinya

Bulimia pada Anak: Penyebab, Gejala dan Cara Mengatasinya
Credit: Freepik

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Gangguan makan pada anak dan remaja dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah kesehatan serius. Salah satu gangguan makan yang perlu mendapat perhatian adalah bulimia. Anak dengan bulimia dapat secara diam-diam makan dalam porsi yang banyak dan tidak memiliki kendali atas nafsu makannya. Meskipun demikian, pengidap bulimia juga cenderung takut gemuk sehingga mereka akan memuntahkan kembali makanannya.

 

Penyebab Bulimia

Banyak orang tua menganggap bulimia adalah semata-mata gangguan mengendalikan nafsu makan. Namun menurut Mayo Clinic, bulimia sebenarnya bukan hanya gangguan makan, namun juga masalah persepsi yang dimiliki seseorang mengenai bentuk tubuh dan berat badan.

Anak yang mengalami bulimia sering kali tidak bisa berhenti makan dan makan sejumlah besar makanan dalam jangka waktu singkat. Di sisi lain, ia juga mengalami ketakutan penambahan berat badan.

Hingga kini belum dapat diketahui penyebab bulimia. Tetapi para ahli meyakini bulimia dapat disebabkan berbagai faktor seperti faktor genetik, faktor biologis, kesehatan mental, tekanan sosial dan masalah lainnya.

 

Gejala Bulimia pada Anak

Dilansir dari Kids Health, gejala utama bulimia adalah gemar makan dalam jumlah banyak dalam waktu singkat namun diikuti cara mengeluarkan makanan dengan tidak sehat. Misalnya, dengan memasukkan jari ke mulut untuk memuntahkan makanan, minum pencahar, juga olahraga berlebih.

Anak yang mengalami bulimia juga dapat mengalami hal berikut:

  • Berat badan naik turun dengan cepat
  • Sering pergi ke kamar mandi setelah makan
  • Menghabiskan waktu untuk berolahraga
  • Tidak percaya diri akan berat badannya
  • Senang makan sendirian dan menghindari acara sosial yang melibatkan makanan

Pada beberapa kasus, anak dengan bulimia juga rentan mengalami gangguan kecemasan, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), hingga depresi.

 

Menghadapi Anak dengan Bulimia

Meskipun dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan serius, namun bulimia dapat disembuhkan jika ditangani dengan tepat. Dukungan keluarga dan orang tua juga berperan penting dalam proses penyembuhan bulimia. Beberapa hal yang bisa dilakukan orang tua dalam menghadapi anak yang bulimia di antaranya:

1. Bantu anak memiliki persepsi positif tentang tubuh yang sehat

Anak dengan bulimia menganggap tubuh yang sehat adalah tubuh yang ideal atau ramping. Karenanya, mereka rela melakukan apa saja agar makanan yang baru disantap tidak menambah berat badan. Untuk mengubah persepsi tersebut, orang tua dapat menjelaskan pada anak mengenai apa itu tubuh yang sehat dan tidak berbicara negatif mengenai tubuh di rumah.

2. Menerapkan hidup sehat

Orang tua dapat menjadi contoh bagi anak-anak mengenai hidup sehat. Hal ini bisa dimulai dengan menerapkan pola makan gizi seimbang, makan secara teratur, menyantap makanan secara bervariasi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gizi, dan olahraga secara rutin.

3. Kenali pemicunya

Bulimia juga dapat disebabkan oleh stres atau masalah psikis lainnya. Suasana hati yang buruk, kurang tidur dan perundungan yang dialami di sekolah juga dapat menyebabkan bulimia pada anak. Ajak anak untuk berlatih relaksasi atau melakukan kegiatan lain untuk mengelola stres yang baik. Anda bisa mendorong anak untuk mengerjakan hal yang disukainya seperti bermusik, menulis, berkunjung ke alam, dan lain-lain untuk mengalihkan pikiran negatifnya.

4. Dukung anak mendapatkan bantuan profesional

Agar bulimia pada anak dapat ditangani dengan tepat, orang tua bisa mendorong anak untuk berkonsultasi dengan dokter, ahli gizi atau psikolog. Dokter dapat merekomendasikan terapi dan obat-obatan yang dibutuhkan untuk mencukupi kebutuhan nutrisi anak dan mengatasi gangguan kecemasan yang mungkin muncul. Anda juga bisa mendukung anak mengikuti terapi kelompok yang mungkin dibutuhkan.


Bulimia pada anak umumnya terjadi pada usia remaja. Jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat, bulimia dapat menyebabkan gangguan pencernaan, kekurangan nutrisi dan masalah kesehatan lainnya. Meskipun tampak seperti gangguan makan, namun bulimia lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh pikiran anak tentang bentuk dan berat badan yang ideal. Apabila anak Anda menunjukkan gejala bulimia sebaiknya segera konsultasikan dengan para ahli untuk mendapat perawatan.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 14:46

Kids Health. Bulimia. Available from: https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/bulimia.html

Mayo Clinic. Bulimia Nervosa. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bulimia/symptoms-causes/syc-20353615

https://www.verywellmind.com/symptoms-and-warning-signs-of-bulimia-nervosa-1138240#toc-treatment

 

WebMD. Understanding Eating Disorders in Teens. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/understanding-eating-disorders-teens#091e9c5e8009b2ec-3-7

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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