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  • Mengenal Bruxism, Kebiasaan Menggeretakkan Gigi pada Anak-Anak dan Dewasa

Mengenal Bruxism, Kebiasaan Menggeretakkan Gigi pada Anak-Anak dan Dewasa

Mengenal Bruxism, Kebiasaan Menggeretakkan Gigi pada Anak-Anak dan Dewasa
Credit: Freepik

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Apakah Anda atau orang terdekat memiliki kebiasaan menggeretakkan gigi saat tidur? Dalam istilah medis, kondisi ini dikenal dengan nama sleep bruxism. Kondisi ini merupakan gangguan gerakan saat tidur. Orang yang mengalami bruxism biasanya juga mengalami gangguan tidur lainnya seperti mendengkur dan sleep apnea.

 

Apa Itu Sleep Bruxism?

Sleep bruxism adalah kebiasaan menggeretakkan dan menggesekkan gigi dan/atau mengatupkan rahang dengan keras secara tidak sadar atau ketika tidur. Perilaku menggeretakkan gigi ini dapat terjadi sesekali, namun jika Anda tanpa sadar sering melakukannya, maka Anda mengalami kondisi yang dikenal dengan istilah sleep bruxism. Kondisi ini bisa dialami anak-anak maupun dewasa. 

Karena kebiasaan ini, penderitanya bisa mengalami keluhan seperti sakit kepala, keluhan terkait gigi atau masalah kualitas tidur. Pada kondisi berat, mereka bisa mengalami gangguan rahang, sering sakit gigi atau kerusakan pada gigi, hingga masalah persendian temporomandibular (TMJ), yaitu masalah pada sendi rahang yang berada di dekat telinga.

Bruxism dapat terjadi pada saat Anda terjaga atau tidur. Meskipun sama-sama menggeretakkan gigi, namun bruxism yang terjadi saat terjaga dan tidur dianggap sebagai kondisi yang berbeda.

Bruxism saat terjaga sering dikaitkan dengan masalah emosional seperti merasa cemas, stres atau marah. Terkadang bruxism juga dapat terjadi ketika Anda sedang konsentrasi pada sesuatu. Berbeda dengan bruxism yang terjadi saat sadar, kondisi ini lebih berbahaya karena terjadi saat tidur dan tidak disadari. Anda mungkin tidak menyadari bahwa Anda memiliki kebiasaan ini serta tidak tahu seberapa keras Anda menggeretakkan gigi dan mengatupkan rahang. Jika dilakukan terlalu sering dan kencang, Anda dapat mengalami masalah gigi, rahang, juga sakit kepala.

Beberapa masalah kesehatan lain yang dapat disebabkan oleh kebiasaan bruxism antara lain perubahan profil wajah, gigi patah atau longgar, nyeri sendi rahang, atau bahkan mengganggu fungsi mulut seperti mengunyah dan menelan.

Baca Juga: Karang Gigi dan Karies Tidak Sama, Ini Bedanya

 

Apa Penyebab Bruxism?

Dilansir dari Cleveland Clinic, bruxism dapat disebabkan oleh banyak hal, beberapa di antaranya:

Gaya hidup

Orang yang mengonsumsi alkohol dan mengonsumsi narkoba memiliki risiko mengalami bruxism lebih tinggi daripada orang yang tidak minum minuman keras dan mengonsumsi narkoba. Selain itu kebiasaan minum kopi dan merokok juga dapat meningkatkan risiko bruxism.

 

Stres

Stres emosional dan beberapa masalah pribadi bisa meningkatkan risiko seseorang mengalami bruxism. Stres dapat membuat orang bersikap lebih agresif atau terburu-buru.

 

Kondisi medis tertentu

Para ahli menduga bahwa ketidakseimbangan pada neurotransmitter otak berpengaruh terhadap munculnya bruxism. Kondisi medis lain seperti gangguan tidur obstructive sleep apnea, lalu gangguan kecemasan atau depresi juga dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya bruxism.

 

Pengaruh obat-obatan

Beberapa individu yang mengonsumsi obat-obatan tertentu, contohnya obat yang dapat meredakan kecemasan seperti fluoxetine dan paroxetine juga dapat mengalami bruxism.

Baca Juga: Benarkah Sakit Gigi bisa Menyebabkan Sakit Kepala?

 

Penanganan Bruxism

Pada beberapa kasus ringan, bruxism tidak membutuhkan penanganan khusus. Jika bruxism disebabkan oleh masalah stres dan kecemasan, pasien dianjurkan untuk latihan relaksasi seperti latihan pernapasan, mendengarkan musik dan melakukan olahraga secara rutin.

Apabila bruxism disebabkan oleh gangguan tidur, pasien dianjurkan untuk menciptakan rutinitas tidur yang sehat seperti menciptakan ruang kamar yang kondusif untuk tidur, tidur di jam yang teratur dan menjaga kebersihan kamar tidur.

Apabila Anda mengalami nyeri atau sakit gigi akibat gesekan gigi, dokter dapat meresepkan pereda nyeri. Perawatan gigi akan diperlukan jika bruxism mengganggu susunan dan fungsi gigi. Dokter dapat memberikan pelindung gigi yang melindungi sendi rahang serta mencegah gigi agar tidak tergesek saat tidur. 

Bruxism umumnya tidak berbahaya, namun jika menyebabkan masalah pada gigi atau kondisi kesehatan lainnya maka sebaiknya konsultasikan ke dokter. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan fitur konsultasi pada layanan Ai Care yang memanfaatkan teknologi kecerdasan buatan. 

 

Mau tahu tips dan trik kesehatan, pertolongan pertama, dan home remedies lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Hanifa Rahma
Last Updated : Selasa, 9 Mei 2023 | 08:55

Mayo Clinic. Bruxism (teeth grinding). Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bruxism/symptoms-causes/syc-20356095#

NHS. Teeth Grinding (Bruxism). Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/teeth-grinding/

John Hopkins Medicine. Bruxism. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/bruxism

Cleveland Clinic. Bruxism (Teeth Grinding). Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10955-teeth-grinding-bruxism

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      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.29msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4006 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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