Apa Saja Gejala Rinitis Alergi (Hay Fever)?

Apa Saja Gejala Rinitis Alergi (Hay Fever)?
Credit: Freepik. Memiliki rhinitis alergi terkadang membuat Anda tidak nyaman.

Bagikan :


Memiliki rhinitis alergi terkadang membuat Anda tidak nyaman. Reaksi alergi yang ditimbulkan seperti bersin-bersin, hidung gatal atau tersumbat dapat mengganggu aktivitas Anda. Meskipun sangat mengganggu, namun Anda dapat mengatasi rhinitis alergi dengan mengubah gaya hidup dan mengonsumsi obat-obatan.

 

Apa Itu Rhinitis Alergi?

Rhinitis alergi atau yang juga dikenal sebagai hay fever adalah reaksi alergi yang muncul akibat paparan alergen. Ketika Anda menghirup alergen melalui hidung dan mulut, tubuh Anda akan menghasilkan senyawa alami bernama histamin. Histamin inilah yang membuat tubuh menjadi kemerahan, muncul ruam dan gatal-gatal.

Rhinitis alergi juga dikenal dengan istilah alergi musiman. Banyak orang mengalami kekambuhan alergi ketika pergantian musim. Selain itu, rhinitis alergi juga dapat disebabkan oleh alergen yang ada di sekitar Anda seperti bulu binatang, kecoa dan tungau.

 

Gejala Rhinitis Alergi

Rhinitis adalah kondisi yang sangat umum dialami masyarakat. Namun tidak semua orang yang memiliki rhinitis alergi menunjukkan gejalanya. Gejala baru akan muncul ketika Anda terpapar alergen dalam jumlah besar atau secara terus-menerus. Akan tetapi, ada juga beberapa orang yang mengalami gejala alergi sepanjang tahun.

Beberapa gejala rhinitis alergi yang sering muncul antara lain:

  • Hidung tersumbat, bersin dan hidung meler
  • Hidung, tenggorokan, dan mata gatal
  • Sakit kepala, nyeri sinus dan lingkaran hitam di bawah mata
  • Peningkatan produksi lendir di hidung dan tenggorokan
  • Kelelahan dan malaise (perasaan tidak nyaman secara umum)
  • Sakit tenggorokan karena lendir yang menetes ke tenggorokan
  • Mengi, batuk dan kesulitan bernapas

Gejala rhinitis alergi sering disamakan dengan pilek. Bedanya, pada pilek lendir yang dihasilkan umumnya berupa cairan cair dan kental berwarna kekuningan. Pilek yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus juga diikuti dengan gejala demam serta pegal linu.

Sedangkan pada rhinitis alergi, hidung yang berlendir umumnya tidak diiringi demam dan gejala akan terus muncul selama Anda terkena alergen.

 

Faktor Risiko Terkena Rhinitis Alergi

Rhinitis alergi dapat dialami semua kalangan seperti anak-anak dan dewasa. Seseorang memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terkena rhinitis alergi jika:

  • Memiliki riwayat keluarga terkena rhinitis alergi
  • Menderita alergi lain atau penyakit sejenis
  • Berusia dewasa
  • Berada di lingkungan yang sering terpapar dengan alergen

Untuk mendiagnosis seseorang terkena rhinitis alergi, dokter akan melakukan pemeriksaan fisik. Misalnya, dokter akan memeriksa bagian dalam hidung untuk melihat apakah terjadi peradangan dan polip hidung, endoskopi hidung dan tes aliran udara untuk mengukur aliran udara saat bernapas. 

Selain itu, dokter juga akan melakukan pemeriksaan tes alergi seperti tes tusuk kulit atau tes darah. Tes tusuk kulit dilakukan dengan meneteskan alergen di tangan, lalu ditusuk dengan jarum untuk melihat hasilnya. Jika ada titik merah maka Anda mengalami alergi.

 

Penanganan Rhinitis Alergi

Sejumlah obat-obatan dapat membantu menangani rhinitis alergi. Obat yang bisa diberikan pada pengidap rhinitis alergi antara lain antihistamin untuk menekan produksi histamin yang memunculkan gejala alergi. Selain antihistamin, dokter juga dapat memberikan obat pereda gejala alergi seperti dekongestan, kortikosteroid, dan nasal spray. Jika alergi cukup parah, dokter juga dapat memberikan terapi immunoterapi.

 

Rhinitis alergi merupakan kondisi umum yang dapat dialami siapa saja. Apabila Anda mengalami gejala rhinitis alergi seperti di atas maka sebaiknya segera periksakan diri ke dokter. 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Minggu, 16 April 2023 | 08:29

Mayo Clinic. Hay Fever. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever/symptoms-causes/syc-20373039

NHS. Hay Fever. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hay-fever/

American College of Allergy. Available from: https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/hay-fever/

Nordqvist, J. (2017). Everything you need to know about hay fever. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/160665

 

Jones. S. Hay Fever 101. https://www.webmd.com/allergies/hay-fever-allergy

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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