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Apa itu Tonsilitis (Radang Amandel) dan Cara Pencegahannya

Apa itu Tonsilitis (Radang Amandel) dan Cara Pencegahannya
Credits: Freepik

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Amandel adalah kelenjar getah bening yang terletak di kedua sisi tenggorokan, di belakang mulut. Amandel atau disebut juga tonsil merupakan bagian dari sistem kekebalan tubuh yang membantu melawan infeksi dengan menangkap bakteri dan virus yang masuk ke tubuh melalui mulut dan hidung.

Saat menjalankan fungsinya, amandel bisa mengalami infeksi dan peradangan yang disebut sebagai tonsilitis. Kenali gejala tonsilitis dan cara pencegahannya.

 

Penyebab Tonsilitis (Radang Amandel)

Tonsilitis (radang amandel) lebih sering disebabkan oleh infeksi virus dan juga bakteri. Infeksi virus yang menyebabkan flu biasa, pilek paling sering menyebabkan radang amandel.

Infeksi bakteri juga bisa menyebabkan tonsiliis. Bakteri Streptococcus grup A merupakan bakteri yang paling sering menyebabkan radang tenggorokan dan juga radang amandel.

 

Gejala Tonsilitis (Radang Amandel)

Gejala radang amandel biasanya muncul secara tiba-tiba. Gejala yang sering dirasakan di antaranya:

  • Sensasi tidak nyaman atau rasa sakit di tenggorokan
  • Nyeri saat menelan yang terasa lebih parah saat makan atau minum
  • Pembengkakan dan kemerahan pada amandel
  • Bintik-bintik putih di permukaan amandel yang terinfeksi
  • Amandel tertutup lapisan putih, kuning atau abu-abu
  • Kenaikan suhu tubuh (demam) di atas 38 derajat Celsius
  • Pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening di leher terutama di bawah telinga
  • Suara terdengar serak
  • Bau mulut
  • Leher kaku
  • Sakit kepala

Pada anak-anak, radang amandel juga sering disertai dengan sakit perut atau muntah, yang membuat anak menjadi lebih rewel dan sensitif.

Baca Juga: Gejala Jika Mengalami Batu Amandel dan Cara Mencegahnya

 

Cara Mencegah Tonsilitis (Radang Amandel)

Karena penyebab utama radang amandel adalah infeksi, maka langkah pertama untuk mencegah tonsilitis adalah dengan meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh secara alami. Hal ini bisa dilakukan melalui pola makan sehat, olahraga teratur, tidur yang cukup, dan mengurangi stres.

Selain itu, ada beberapa hal yang bisa dilakukan sebagai tindakan preventif radang amandel, di antaranya:

Menjaga kebersihan rongga mulut

Menjaga kebersihan rongga mulut seperti menyikat gigi secara teratur, menggunakan benang gigi, dan menggunakan obat kumur antiseptik dapat membantu mengurangi bakteri berlebih di mulut dan tenggorokan yang meningkatkan risiko infeksi.

Menghindari penggunaan barang pribadi bersama

Virus maupun bakteri berisiko ditularkan melalui penggunaan barang pribadi bersama, seperti cangkir, peralatan makan, dan sikat gigi. Demikian juga bakteri dan virus yang dapat menyebabkan radang amandel, dengan mudah bisa menyebar melalui kontak langsung dengan barang-barang pribadi yang digunakan oleh orang yang terinfeksi.

Untuk itu, selalu gunakan peralatan pribadi dan memastikan membawa peralatan pribadi sendiri saat bepergian keluar rumah.

Baca Juga: Radang Amandel, Haruskah Melakukan Operasi?

Menjaga hidrasi tubuh

Pastikan untuk minum air secara teratur dan cukup sepanjang hari untuk menjaga tubuh tetap terhidrasi. Air dapat membantu menjaga kelembapan tenggorokan dan membantu mengencerkan lendir yang dapat menyebabkan iritasi.

Anda bisa mencukupi kebutuhan cairan tubuh melalui kaldu hangat, teh jahe, atau madu yang dilarutkan di dalam air hangat. Hindari minuman seperti jus jeruk, sari jeruk, minuman yang mengandung alkohol, minuman yang mengandung kafein yang justru dapat memperparah radang amandel atau memicu dehidrasi.

Hindari merokok dan paparan asap rokok

Asap rokok mengandung zat kimia yang dapat mengiritasi jaringan tenggorokan dan menyebabkan peradangan di lapisan pelindung tenggorokan. Ini dapat meningkatkan risiko radang amandel dan infeksi tenggorokan lainnya.

Selain itu paparan asap rokok dapat melemahkan sistem kekebalan tubuh dan membuat tubuh lebih rentan terhadap infeksi. Merokok juga meningkatkan risiko berbagai penyakit termasuk kanker tenggorokan, bronkitis kronis, dan penyakit paru obstruktif kronis (PPOK).

Radang amandel yang tidak disertai keluhan berat umumnya tidak perlu mendapatkan pengobatan khusus. Namun apabila radang amandel disertai dengan demam 38 derajat atau lebih tinggi, adanya nanah di tenggorokan, kesulitan menelan dan bernapas, pembengkakan di kelenjar getah bening, maka sebaiknya segera periksakan diri kembali ke dokter. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Senin, 4 Maret 2024 | 09:24

Cleveland Clinic (2023). Tonsillitis. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21146-tonsillitis 

Becky Upham (2023). What Is Tonsillitis? Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Available from: https://www.everydayhealth.com/tonsillitis/ 

Penn Medicine (2022). Tonsillitis. Available from: https://www.pennmedicine.org/for-patients-and-visitors/patient-information/conditions-treated-a-to-z/tonsillitis 

Better Health Channel. Workplace safety - infection control. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/workplace-safety-infection-control 

John Hopkins Medicine. Tonsillitis. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/tonsillitis 

Taneia Surles (2023). Foods to Avoid (and to Eat) with Tonsillitis. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/tonsillitis-food-to-avoid 

Hope Gillette (2023). Is There a Connection Between Smoking and Strep Throat?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/smoking-and-strep-throat 

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.21msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 70 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.96msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8072 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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