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  • Zat Aditif Dalam Makanan yang Berbahaya untuk Kesehatan

Zat Aditif Dalam Makanan yang Berbahaya untuk Kesehatan

Zat Aditif Dalam Makanan yang Berbahaya untuk Kesehatan
Ilustrasi makanan kemasan. Credits: Freepik

Bagikan :


Beberapa makanan seperti makanan kemasan atau makanan olahan, kerap mengandung bahan tambahan (zat aditif) untuk meningkatkan rasa, tekstur, penampilan, dan usia simpan. Meskipun beberapa zat aditif dalam makanan dianggap aman, namun ada sejumlah aditif yang dapat berbahaya bagi kesehatan terutama jika dikonsumsi berlebihan atau jangka panjang.

 

Zat Aditif Dalam Makanan yang Berbahaya bagi Kesehatan

Sodium nitrit dan nitrat

Sodium nitrit dan nitrat sering digunakan dalam daging olahan seperti sosis, ham, dan bacon untuk mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri dan mempertahankan warna daging. Saat dipanaskan dalam suhu tinggi senyawa ini bisa bereaksi dan membentuk nitrosamin, senyawa yang bersifat karsinogenik.

Studi mengaitkan konsumsi tinggi daging olahan yang mengandung nitrit dan nitrat dengan peningkatan risiko kanker usus besar dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Walaupun penggunaannya dalam makanan telah diatur oleh badan pengawas makanan, sebaiknya tetap batasi konsumsi daging olahan.

Baca Juga: Pewarna Makanan: Berbahaya Atau Tidak Sih?

Zat pewarna makanan buatan

Zat pewarna makanan buatan telah menjadi topik hangat yang dibicarakan, khususnya kaitannya dengan gangguan pemusatan perhatian dan hiperaktif (ADHD). Pewarna makanan buatan sering digunakan untuk meningkatkan tampilan visual sehingga makanan lebih menarik.

Penelitian menunjukkan pewarna makanan seperti yang mengandung tartrazine dapat memperburuk gejala ADHD dan meningkatkan kesulitan konsentrasi pada anak-anak. Meskipun tidak semua anak menunjukkan reaksi negatif terhadap pewarna makanan buatan, beberapa anak yang lebih sensitif mungkin mengalami gejala yang lebih buruk setelah mengonsumsi makanan yang mengandung pewarna ini.

Aspartam

Aspartam adalah pemanis buatan yang sering digunakan dalam produk makanan dan minuman, terutama dalam produk berlabel "bebas gula". Aspartam aman dikonsumsi selama dalam batasan yang telah ditetapkan.

Namun, penelitian menemukan bahwa konsumsi aspartam berlebihan dapat meningkatkan risiko terhadap:

  • Ketagihan
  • Masalah kulit seperti reaksi alergi
  • Menstruasi dini
  • Kerusakan pada ginjal dan liver
  • Perubahan suasana hati

Penelitian juga menemukan bahwa aspartam mungkin berkaitan dengan kanker, walau bukan pemicu utama kanker.

Baca Juga: Apa itu Makanan dan Minuman yang Terfortifikasi dan Manfaatnya?

Monosodium glutamate (MSG)

MSG adalah garam natrium dari asam glutamat yang sering digunakan untuk meningkatkan rasa makanan. Beberapa orang mungkin sensitif terhadap MSG dan bisa mengalami gejala seperti mual, sakit kepala, gangguan pernapasan, atau reaksi lain yang disebut "Chinese Restaurant Syndrome".

Selain itu, MSG juga mengandung natrium, di mana konsumsi natrium yang berlebihan dapat meningkatkan tekanan darah. Orang dengan hipertensi atau penyakit jantung perlu membatasi konsumsi makanan yang mengandung MSG.

Sulfit

Sulfit adalah bahan pengawet yang digunakan untuk mencegah pembusukan dan mempertahankan warna serta kesegaran makanan. Meskipun efektif dalam mengawetkan makanan, sulfit dapat memicu reaksi alergi dan memperburuk gejala asma pada beberapa orang.

Di beberapa negara, seperti Amerika Serikat, penggunaan sulfit sebagai pengawet pada buah-buahan dan sayuran segar telah dilarang. Adapun produk yang masih menggunakan sulfit perlu mencantumkan bahan tersebut pada label makanan, sehingga bisa dihindari oleh mereka yang sensitif terhadapnya.

 

Meskipun zat aditif dalam makanan sering digunakan untuk alasan praktis, penting bagi Anda tetap waspada terhadap potensi bahaya yang mungkin ditimbulkan. Mengonsumsi makanan segar dan alami merupakan cara terbaik untuk menghindari risiko kesehatan dari zat aditif dalam makanan kemasan dan olahan.

Memiliki pertanyaan lain terkait zat aditif? Anda bisa berkonsultasi dengan dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di App Store atau Play Store.

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Selasa, 27 Agustus 2024 | 08:00

Claire McCarthy, MD, (2021). Common food additives and chemicals harmful to children. Available from: https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/common-food-additives-and-chemicals-harmful-to-children-2018072414326 

Better Health. Food additives. Available from: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/food-additives#effects-of-food-additives 

Kris Gunnars, BSc (2020). Are Nitrates and Nitrites in Foods Harmful?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/are-nitrates-and-nitrites-harmful 

Becky Bell, MS, RD (2023). Food Dyes: Harmless or Harmful?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/food-dyes 

WebMD (2024). What to Know About Aspartame. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diet/what-to-know-about-aspartame 

Cleveland Clinic (2020). 5 Food Additives You Should Avoid. Available from: https://health.clevelandclinic.org/5-food-additives-you-should-avoid 

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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