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  • Kenali Diffuse Axonal Injury, Cedera Otak Akibat Benturan Parah secara Tiba-Tiba

Kenali Diffuse Axonal Injury, Cedera Otak Akibat Benturan Parah secara Tiba-Tiba

Kenali Diffuse Axonal Injury, Cedera Otak Akibat Benturan Parah secara Tiba-Tiba
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Cedera otak terdiri dari berbagai jenis, termasuk salah satunya adalah diffuse axonal injury (DAI) atau cedera difus aksonal. DAI biasanya menyebabkan cedera pada banyak bagian otak. Ini adalah salah satu jenis cedera otak traumatis yang paling umum dan termasuk jenis cedera yang paling merusak.

 

Apa Itu Diffuse Axonal Injury?

Diffuse axonal injury termasuk cedera kepala parah yang disebabkan oleh benturan benda tumpul yang sangat keras pada kepala. Pada sistem saraf manusia terdapat neuron yang berfungsi menerima rangsangan dari impuls saraf lainnya. Dalam diffuse axonal injury, yang mengalami cedera adalah bagian akson yang berfungsi mengirimkan pesan antar neuron, kelenjar dan otot.

Cedera pada akson disebabkan oleh benturan hebat pada kepala sehingga terjadi tarikan atau gerak akselerasi dan deselerasi yang berat yang menyebabkan robekan akson dalam jumlah besar. Kerusakan pada akson dapat menyebabkan penurunan kemampuan di otak yang menyebabkan gangguan komunikasi pada bagian yang lain.

Cedera ini dapat menyebabkan gangguan saraf jangka panjang, koma, hingga kematian.

 

Baca Juga: 5 Kondisi Kesehatan yang Dapat Menyebabkan Perdarahan Otak

 

Gejala Diffuse Axonal Injury

Gejala umum diffuse axonal injury adalah hilangnya kesadaran pasien. Kondisi ini dapat berlangsung selama enam jam atau lebih. Apabila cedera DAI ringan, pasien akan tetap sadar namun menunjukkan tanda kerusakan otak lainnya. Gejala kerusakan dapat bervariasi, tergantung pada area otak mana yang rusak. Beberapa gejala kerusakan otak yang dapat muncul, antara lain:

  • Disorientasi atau kebingungan
  • Sakit kepala
  • Mual atau muntah
  • Mengantuk atau kelelahan
  • Sulit tidur
  • Tidur lebih lama dari biasanya
  • Kehilangan keseimbangan atau pusing

Pasien dengan kondisi DAI parah dapat mengalami kehilangan kesadaran dan tetap dalam keadaan vegetatif. Cedera ini juga dapat menyebabkan pasien mengalami disautonomia, yaitu ketika sistem saraf otonom tidak bekerja sebagaimana mestinya. Beberapa gejala yang mencakup, antara lain:

  • Detak jantung tidak beraturan
  • Pernapasan dangkal yang cepat
  • Keringat berlebih
  • Hipertermia

 

Baca Juga: Apa yang Terjadi Ketika Seseorang Mengalami Koma?

 

Penanganan Diffuse Axonal Injury

Penanganan DAI mirip dengan perawatan cedera kepala lainnya, yaitu menstabilkan kondisi pasien untuk mencegah kerusakan otak yang semakin parah. Perawatan ini melibatkan:

  • Memastikan bahwa jalan napas terbuka
  • Memberikan ventilasi dan oksigen
  • Menjaga tekanan darah

Selain perawatan di atas, dokter juga memerlukan obat-obatan dan pembedahan untuk membantu mengendalikan gejala yang muncul. Menurut sejumlah penelitian, ketika sel otak hancur atau rusak sebagian besar tidak dapat beregenerasi. Namun pemulihan setelah cedera otak dapat terjadi dengan baik terutama pada pasien yang berusia muda.

Pada kasus lain, otak belajar untuk mengalihkan informasi agar tetap berfungsi di sekitar area yang mengalami kerusakan. Bergantung pada keparahan cedera, proses pemulihan bisa berlangsung selama berbulan-bulan atau bahkan bertahun-tahun.

Pada kondisi cedera otak yang parah, sering kali membutuhkan perawatan dan rehabilitasi yang berlangsung seumur hidup.

 

Cedera diffuse axonal injury adalah cedera otak traumatis yang serius. Kondisi ini bisa berakibat fatal, namun pasien juga memiliki kemungkinan untuk sadar kembali setelah cedera. Bagi pasien yang pulih umumnya akan membutuhkan rehabilitasi intensif.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 07:07

John Hopkins Medicine. Traumatic Brain Injury. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/traumatic-brain-injury#

Tran, A. (2021). Diffuse Axonal Injury: Symptoms, Recovery, and Treatment. Available from: https://www.flintrehab.com/diffuse-axonal-injury-recovery/

Young, B. (2018). Diffuse Axonal Injury. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/diffuse-axonal-injury

 

Morales-Brown. (2022). What to know about diffuse axonal injury. Available from: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/diffuse-axonal-injury

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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9606 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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