Apa Fungsi Snellen Chart dalam Pemeriksaan Mata?

Apa Fungsi Snellen Chart dalam Pemeriksaan Mata?
Credit: Freepik. Pemeriksaan Snellen chart digunakan untuk menegakkan diagnosis gangguan refraksi.

Bagikan :


Anda pasti sudah tidak asing dengan Snellen chart. Di berbagai toko optik, dokter mata, maupun layanan pemeriksaan kesehatan mata lainnya Anda dapat dengan mudah menjumpai susunan deretan huruf untuk pemeriksaan mata yang dikenal dengan istilah Snellen chart.

Apa itu Snellen chart dan bagaimana cara menggunakannya? Simak ulasannya berikut ini.

 

Apa Itu Snellen Chart?

Snellen chart atau bagan Snellen adalah salah satu alat atau bagan yang digunakan untuk mengukur ketajaman penglihatan mata (visus mata). Pemeriksaan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah Anda mengalami gangguan refraksi mata seperti rabun dekat, rabun jauh atau mata silinder (astigmatisme).

Snellen chart pertama kali ditemukan oleh dokter mata asal Belanda bernama Herman Snellen pada tahun 1862. Chart atau bagan ini berisi huruf atau angka yang memiliki beragam ukuran, dari yang paling besar hingga berukuran kecil. Jika Anda bisa melihat dengan jelas angka atau huruf dalam bagan tersebut maka penglihatan Anda normal.

 

Cara Menggunakan Snellen Chart

Jika Anda mengalami masalah penglihatan seperti pandangan kabur di jarak jauh atau dekat, dokter akan merekomendasikan Anda untuk melakukan pemeriksaan menggunakan Snellen chart. Ada beragam bagan Snellen yang bisa digunakan untuk menguji ketajaman penglihatan Anda, namun umumnya Snellen chart berisi 11 baris huruf kapital dengan berbagai ukuran.

Semakin ke bawah ukuran huruf akan semakin kecil. Huruf yang biasa digunakan dalam bagan Snellen tradisional adalah huruf-huruf standar dan memiliki bentuk yang tegas seperti huruf C,D, E, F, L, O, P, T dan Z.

Di samping huruf yang perlu Anda baca terdapat angka yang menunjukkan jarak normal seseorang dalam membaca dengan jelas, huruf pada baris tersebut. Misalnya, angka di samping huruf yang Anda baca menunjukkan angka 20/200. Angka 20 menunjukkan jarak antara Anda dengan bagan Snellen tersebut, yaitu 20 kaki (6 meter). Sedangkan angka 200 berarti jarak maksimal di mana Anda bisa membaca bagan Snellen atau sekitar 200 kaki (60 meter).

Berikut ini prosedur pemeriksaan visus mata dengan Snellen chart:

  1. Anda diminta duduk atau berdiri berjarak 6 meter dari bagan Snellen
  2. Tutup salah satu mata dengan tangan
  3. Pemeriksaan dimulai dari mata yang lebih buram
  4. Dengan satu mata tertutup, Anda diminta membaca huruf dari baris paling atas ke bawah
  5. Jika tes mata tidak mencapai barisan dengan angka 20/20 atau 6/6 maka pemeriksaan akan dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan kacamata pinhole
  6. Pemeriksaan akan diulang dengan mata lainnya


Kapan Perlu Melakukan Pemeriksaan Mata?

Pemeriksaan ketajaman mata merupakan bagian dari pemeriksaan kesehatan mata secara rutin. The American Academy of Opthalmology merekomendasikan Anda untuk melakukan pemeriksaan mata ketika memasuki usia 40 tahun. Pasalnya, memasuki usia 40 tahun elastisitas lensa mata akan berkurang sehingga dapat memengaruhi ketajaman penglihatan mata.

Pada usia 40 tahun umumnya orang akan mengalami mata tua (presbiopi) sehingga membutuhkan penggunaan kacamata khusus untuk mengatasi masalah penglihatan tersebut.

Meskipun demikian, Anda tidak perlu menunggu usia 40 tahun untuk menjalani pemeriksaan kesehatan mata. Anda dapat melakukan pemeriksaan mata sejak usia anak-anak (3 tahun ke bawah) dan usia sekolah hingga remaja.

Selain menjelang usia 40 tahun, Anda juga dianjurkan melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan mata jika Anda mengalami masalah mata seperti berikut:

  1. Sering mengalami sakit kepala di sekitar mata
  2. Sering mengalami mata kering
  3. Lebih sulit melihat di waktu malam


Jika Anda mengalami masalah kesehatan mata tersebut sebaiknya segera lakukan pemeriksaan ke dokter. 

 

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 02:18

Vimon, C. (2022). All Avout the Eye Chart. Available from: https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/eye-chart-facts-history

Azzam D, Ronquillo Y. Snellen Chart. [Updated 2022 May 8]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558961/

 

Bedinghaus, T. (2022). What Is the Snellen Eye Chart?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/snellen-eye-chart-3422168

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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 1929
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.57msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 3897 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.45msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8421 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8421
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9869
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.62msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10043 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10043
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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