8 Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kualitas Kesehatan Sperma

8 Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kualitas Kesehatan Sperma
Credits: Freepik

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Keberhasilan kehamilan tidak hanya ditentukan oleh kesuburan wanita saja. Sperma yang sehat juga memengaruhi keberhasilan kehamilan. Sehat atau tidaknya sperma ditentukan oleh beberapa hal, yaitu kualitas, kuantitas dan juga bentuk (morfologi) sperma itu sendiri.

Sperma diproduksi di testis (buah zakar). Ada banyak faktor yang memengaruhi kualitas sperma, mulai dari usia, berat badan hingga infeksi menular seksual.

 

Hal-Hal yang Memengaruhi Kualitas Sperma

Kualitas sperma seseorang dipengaruhi beberapa faktor, di antaranya:

Usia

Menurut penelitian, jumlah air mani memuncak di antara usia 30-35 tahun dan akan menurun seiring bertambahnya usia. Penurunan ini umumnya terjadi setelah usia 40 tahun, di mana sperma mengalami penurunan kepadatan, gerakan, serta proporsi morfologi normal.

 

Kebiasaan merokok

Kebiasaan merokok memengaruhi masalah kesehatan reproduksi pria, termasuk kualitas sperma. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perokok memiliki jumlah sperma yang lebih rendah dibandingkan orang yang tidak merokok.

Merokok juga dapat mengganggu kemampuan sperma untuk berenang dengan baik sehingga mengurangi kemungkinan sperma mencapai sel telur. Penelitian juga menemukan bahwa merokok memengaruhi morfologi normal sperma.

Efek merokok terhadap kualitas sperma dapat bervariasi tiap individu. Namun, berhenti merokok dapat membantu memperbaiki kualitas sperma.

 

Baca Juga: Merokok Dapat Menyebabkan Kanker, Ini Alasannya

 

Kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas

Kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas dapat mengganggu keseimbangan hormon reproduksi pada pria, termasuk peningkatan kadar estrogen dan penurunan kadar testosteron. Perubahan ini dapat memengaruhi produksi sperma dan kualitasnya.

Pria dengan kelebihan berat badan atau obesitas cenderung memiliki jumlah sperma yang lebih rendah, motilitas yang lebih rendah, dan persentase sperma dengan morfologi yang abnormal. Semua faktor ini dapat memengaruhi kemampuan sperma untuk mencapai dan membuahi sel telur.

 

Konsumsi minuman beralkohol

Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi berlebihan minuman beralkohol dapat menyebabkan penurunan jumlah sperma yang diproduksi oleh tubuh. Alkohol dapat mengganggu proses pembentukan sperma dalam testis dan mengurangi produksi sperma.

Alkohol juga memengaruhi kemampuan sperma untuk bergerak atau berenang menuju sel telur serta bentuk dan struktur fisik sperma.

 

Infeksi menular seksual

Infeksi menular seksual lebih sering dialami pria dibandingkan wanita. Pada pria, IMS dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada epididimis dan uretra yang kemudian akan memengaruhi kesuburan. IMS seperti klamidia, gonore, sifilis, dan ISK apabila tidak diobati dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada organ reproduksi, epididimis dan testis.

 

Baca Juga: Skrining Infeksi Menular Seksual (IMS) yang Perlu Dilakukan

 

Berendam air panas dan pakaian yang terlalu ketat

Berendam dalam air panas dan mengenakan pakaian yang terlalu ketat dapat memengaruhi kualitas sperma pada pria. Testis memerlukan suhu yang sedikit lebih rendah dari suhu tubuh normal untuk menjaga kualitas sperma yang optimal. Berendam dalam air panas dalam waktu yang lama juga meningkatkan suhu testis, yang dapat mengganggu produksi sperma dan menyebabkan penurunan kualitas sperma.

 

Obat-obatan terlarang

Penggunaan obat-obatan seperti ganja, kokain, dan heroin dapat memengaruhi kesuburan pria termasuk penurunan kadar testosteron. Penurunan kadar testosteron dapat memengaruhi kualitas sperma dan mengurangi jumlah sperma yang diproduksi.

Penggunaan kokain dan heroin juga dapat menurunkan jumlah sperma yang diproduksi dan memengaruhi motilitas sperma dan kualitas DNA sperma.

 

Lingkungan dan pekerjaan berisiko

Terpapar produk beracun seperti pestisida, bahan kimia, radiasi dan logam berat dapat memengaruhi kualitas dan kuantitas sperma. Beberapa pestisida dan bahan kimia tertentu telah terbukti mengganggu produksi sperma, mengurangi motilitas sperma, dan menyebabkan perubahan pada morfologi sperma. Paparan jangka panjang dapat meningkatkan risiko infertilitas pada pria.

Terpapar logam berat seperti timbal, merkuri, kadmium, dan arsenik dapat mengganggu kesuburan pria. Paparan radiasi, terutama radiasi ionisasi yang tinggi seperti yang ditemukan dalam sinar-X atau terapi radiasi, dapat merusak sel-sel dalam testis yang bertanggung jawab untuk produksi sperma.

 

Jika memiliki kekhawatiran terhadap kualitas sperma dan dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya, Anda bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan dokter melalui aplikasi Ai Care yang bisa diunduh di Play Store atau App Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar penyakit lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Selasa, 13 Juni 2023 | 13:30
Tags : Kesehatan Reproduksi sperma kualitas sperma

Pregnancy Birth&Baby (2022). Sperm health. Available from: https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/sperm-health 

Tim Jewell (2018). The 7-Step Checklist to Healthy, Fertile Sperm. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/mens-health/mens-guide-healthy-fertile-sperm 

Rachel Gurevich, RN (2020). Does Age Affect Male Fertility?. Available from: https://www.verywellfamily.com/does-age-affect-male-fertility-1959934 

Rachel Gurevich, RN (2020). What Impact Does Male Smoking Have on Sperm and Fertility?. Available from: https://www.verywellfamily.com/male-fertility-and-smoking-1960256 

Healthymale.org (2022). How weight can impact male fertility. Available from: https://www.healthymale.org.au/news/obesity-overweight-can-impact-male-fertility 

Renata Finelli, et all (2022). Impact of Alcohol Consumption on Male Fertility Potential: A Narrative Review. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8751073/ 

Elizabeth Boskey, PhD (2022). Can STIs Affect My Ability to Have Children?. Available from: https://www.verywellhealth.com/can-an-std-cause-infertility-3133182 

Grace Gallagher (2020). Should I Wear Tight Underwear?. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/tight-underwear 

Yourfertility.org. Recreational drugs. Available from: https://www.yourfertility.org.au/everyone/drugs-chemicals/recreational-drugs 

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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
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