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Berapa Banyak Garam yang Boleh Dikonsumsi Dalam Sehari?

Berapa Banyak Garam yang Boleh Dikonsumsi Dalam Sehari?
Credits: Freepik

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Garam tak hanya memberikan rasa pada makanan, namun juga berfungsi sebagai pengawet, pengikat dan penstabil. Garam juga dikenal sebagai natrium klorida, yang dibutuhkan manusia dalam jumlah kecil untuk berbagai manfaat seperti menghantarkan impuls saraf, mengontraksikan dan mengendurkan otot, serta menjaga keseimbangan air dan mineral tubuh.

Namun, mengonsumsi garam berlebihan dapat memiliki dampak negatif bagi kesehatan, terutama terkait dengan tekanan darah tinggi, penyakit jantung dan stroke. Sebenarnya, berapa banyak, sih, garam yang boleh dikonsumsi setiap hari?

 

Rekomendasi Asupan Garam Harian

Para ahli kesehatan dan organisasi kesehatan dunia merekomendasikan asupan garam harian berdasarkan usia sebagai berikut:

  • Anak di bawah 1 tahun, kurang dari 1 gram
  • Anak usia 1-3 tahun, tidak lebih dari 2 gram
  • Anak usia 4-6 tahun, tidak lebih dari 3 gram
  • Anak usia 7-10 tahun, tidak lebih dari 5 gram
  • Anak usia 11 tahun hingga orang dewasa, tidak lebih dari 6 gram atau sekitar 1 sdt

Bayi yang baru diperkenalkan pada makanan padat pertama sebaiknya tidak diperbolehkan makan terlalu banyak garam, atau makanan yang sudah mengandung garam. Ginjal bayi belum terbentuk sempurna sehingga belum bisa memproses dan menyaring dengan baik.

Baca Juga: Beda Garam Laut dan Garam Dapur, Mana yang Lebih Sehat?

 

Apa Dampaknya Jika Mengonsumsi Garam Berlebihan?

Mengonsumsi garam berlebihan, lebih dari yang direkomendasikan tentu dapat berdampak negatif pada kesehatan. Adapun beberapa dampak tersebut di antaranya:

Tekanan darah tinggi

Mengonsumsi garam berlebihan dapat menyebabkan peningkatan tekanan darah. Ini karena tubuh akan menyimpan lebih banyak air di tubuh sehingga volume darah dan tekanan pada dinding arteri akan meningkat.

Meningkatkan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular

Tekanan darah tinggi yang disebabkan oleh konsumsi garam berlebihan meningkatkan risiko penyakit jantung dan masalah pembuluh darah seperti serangan jantung, penyakit arteri koroner, dan gagal jantung.

Stroke

Konsumsi garam berlebihan juga berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko stroke. Terutama karena tekanan darah tinggi dapat merusak pembuluh darah otak dan meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya pembekuan darah.

Baca Juga: Manfaat Garam Epsom bagi Kesehatan Tubuh

Hilangnya kalsium dari dalam tubuh

Konsumsi garam berlebihan juga menyebabkan hilangnya kalsium dalam tubuh melalui urine. Kehilangan kalsium ini dapat menyebabkan penurunan kepadatan tulang dan peningkatan risiko osteoporosis.

Batu ginjal

Pola makan yang tinggi garam dan kurangnya asupan air dapat meningkatkan risiko terkena batu ginjal. Urine yang terlalu terkonsentrasi memungkinkan kristalisasi zat-zat yang membentuk batu ginjal seperti kalsium, oksalat, atau asam urat yang lebih tinggi.

Dehidrasi

Meskipun garam memiliki kemampuan untuk menahan air dalam tubuh, mengonsumsi garam berlebihan sebenarnya justru dapat menyebabkan dehidrasi. Saat Anda mengonsumsi garam berlebihan, tubuh akan mencoba mempertahankan keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit dengan meningkatkan konsentrasi natrium dalam darah. Untuk melakukannya, tubuh membutuhkan tambahan air yang menyebabkan rasa haus dan mendorong Anda untuk minum lebih banyak air.

Apabila kebutuhan cairan tambahan tidak tercukupi, tubuh akan mengompensasi dengan menggunakan air dari sel-sel tubuh dan jaringan. Akibatnya, tubuh bisa mengalami dehidrasi di mana kadar air dalam tubuh menjadi terlalu rendah.

Jadi jika Anda sering kali merasa haus, tangan atau kaki membengkak, sakit kepala dan adanya peningkatan tekanan darah, periksa kembali asupan garam dalam makanan Anda. Dapatkan panduan penggunaan garam dalam masakan sehari-hari melalui konsultasi dengan dokter atau ahli gizi. Anda juga bisa memanfaatkan layanan konsultasi kesehatan dengan mengunduh aplikasi Ai Care melalui App Store atau Play Store.

Mau tahu informasi seputar nutrisi, makanan dan tips diet lainnya? Cek di sini, ya!

 

 

Writer : Agatha Writer
Editor :
  • dr. Monica Salim
Last Updated : Kamis, 14 Maret 2024 | 08:29

NHS UK (2023). Salt in your diet. Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/food-types/salt-in-your-diet/ 

WHO (2023). Sodium reduction. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/salt-reduction 

American Heart Association (2024). How much sodium should I eat per day?. Available from: https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/sodium/how-much-sodium-should-i-eat-per-day 

Harvard TH Chan (2023). Salt and Sodium. Available from: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/salt-and-sodium/ 

Courtney Southwick (2023). Are You Eating Too Much Salt? These Are The Signs and Symptoms. Available from: https://www.health.com/what-happens-if-you-eat-too-much-salt-7556974 

Madeline Laguaite (2023). Signs You’re Eating Too Much Salt. Available from: https://www.webmd.com/diet/ss/slideshow-too-much-salt 

Katie McCallum (2022). What Happens If You Eat Too Much Salt?. Available from: https://www.houstonmethodist.org/blog/articles/2022/mar/what-happens-if-you-eat-too-much-salt/ 

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
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      Backtrace
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      Backtrace
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