5 Faktor Risiko Seseorang dapat Mengalami Penyakit Hati

5 Faktor Risiko Seseorang dapat Mengalami Penyakit Hati

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Penyakit liver atau penyakit hati dapat disebabkan berbagai hal, mulai dari virus hingga gaya hidup yang buruk. Hati sebagai organ terbesar dalam tubuh manusia bertanggung jawab untuk menetralisir racun, membantu proses pencernaan, memecah lemak dan banyak lagi. Jika hati mengalami masalah hal ini dapat menyebabkan gangguan sistemik dalam tubuh.

Jenis penyakit hati

Dilansir dari NHS, penyakit hati dapat dibedakan menjadi beberapa jenis berdasarkan penyebabnya, yaitu:

  • Penyakit hati karena alkohol
  • Fatty liver atau perlemakan hati, terjadi ketika adanya penumpukan lemak berlebih pada organ hati
  • Hepatitis, yaitu peradangan hati akibat virus, bahan kimia, penyalahgunaan obat dan gangguan kekebalan tubuh
  • Hemokromatosis, terjadi ketika zat besi di dalam tubuh terlalu banyak
  • Sirosis bilier primer, terjadi ketika saluran empedu mengalami kerusakan secara perlahan

Perbedaan jenis dan penyebab penyakit hati akan memengaruhi penanganan dan pengobatan yang dibutuhkan. Dari segi pencegahan dan penularan, penyakit hati yang diakibatkan oleh genetik dan gaya hidup tentunya tidak menular. Namun penyakit hati yang diakibatkan oleh infeksi virus seperti hepatitis A, B dan C memiliki risiko penularan lebih tinggi dibanding penyakit hati lainnya.

Faktor risiko penyakit hati dan cara mencegahnya

Seringkali orang tidak menyadari bahwa organ hatinya bermasalah. Pasalnya, penyakit atau kerusakan hati pada tahap awal seringkali tidak menimbulkan gejala. Namun dilansir dari Hopkins Medicine, ada beberapa kondisi dimana seseorang memiliki faktor risiko tinggi mengalami penyakit hati, di antaranya:

1. Terpapar zat berbahaya

Hati berfungsi untuk menetralisir racun dalam darah. Namun apabila terlalu banyak racun yang masuk ke tubuh maka hati secara perlahan akan mengalami kerusakan, terutama jika paparan zat beracun ini berlangsung secara terus-menerus. Beberapa zat berbahaya di antaranya pestisida dari sayuran, bahan pembuat plastik seperti karbon tetraklorida, vinil klorida, dan bahan-bahan kimia industri bifenil poliklorinasi.

2. Konsumsi suplemen herbal

Banyak orang memilih mengonsumsi suplemen herbal untuk mengobati suatu penyakit atau menjaga daya tahan tubuh. Meskipun dikenal khasiatnya secara turun temurun, namun bukan berarti dapat dikonsumsi terus-menerus terutama jika dikonsumsi bersamaan dengan suplemen lain.

Beberapa suplemen herbal yang sering dikonsumsi seperti vitamin dan obat penurun berat badan mengandung zat kimia yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada hati secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Jika Anda berencana mengonsumsi suplemen herbal sebaiknya konsultasikan terlebih dahulu dengan dokter dan patuhi anjuran pemakaian.

3. Kecanduan alkohol

Kebiasaan minum alkohol dapat menyebabkan hati mengalami peradangan, pembengkakan dan munculnya jaringan parut atau sirosis hati yang merupakan tahapan akhir dari kerusakan hati.  Kecanduan alkohol juga memicu risiko kanker hati.

Ketika alkohol masuk ke dalam tubuh, alkohol mengikuti aliran darah menuju hati agar tidak membahayakan organ lainnya. Namun ketika hati mencerna alkohol, beberapa sel hati akan rusak dan mati. Akibatnya, risiko kerusakan hati tidak dapat dihindari.

4. Obesitas, diabetes dan kolesterol tinggi

Kondisi obesitas, diabetes dan kolesterol tinggi dapat menyebabkan penyakit hati yang mengarah pada sirosis dan kanker hati. Pada ketiga kondisi di atas, terjadi perlemakan hati (fatty liver) dimana hati terselubung lemak menumpuk yang meningkatkan kebutuhan akan transplantasi hati. Penyakit ini seringkali disebut sebagai silent liver disease karena dapat terjadi tanpa menunjukkan gejala dan dapat berkembang dalam jangka waktu bertahun-tahun. 

5. Pernah memiliki riwayat penyakit hati

Pada keluarga dengan riwayat penyakit hati seperti hemokromatosis, kanker hati dan penyakit Wilson umumnya memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami kerusakan hati. Jika keluarga Anda memiliki riwayat penyakit tersebut maka sebaiknya hindari kebiasaan-kebiasaan yang dapat merusak hati dan mulai terapkan gaya hidup sehat.

Hati adalah organ tubuh manusia yang dapat menyembuhkan dirinya sendiri ketika terjadi kerusakan. Namun apabila hati sering terpapar racun, alkohol dan hal lain yang menyebabkan kerusakan hati maka penyakit hati tidak akan terhindarkan. Segera konsultasikan dengan dokter jika Anda merasakan gejala penyakit hati dan memiliki faktor risiko di atas.

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Senin, 17 April 2023 | 01:49

John Hopkins Medicine. 5 Reason You May Be At Risk For Liver Disease. Available from: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/5-reasons-you-may-be-at-risk-for-liver-disease

NHS. Liver Disease (2020). Available from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/liver-disease/

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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 7858
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.74msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 10058 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 10058
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.22msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1258 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1258
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
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      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
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      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new5.95msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1899 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1899
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.17msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 1079 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 1079
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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