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  • Orang Tua Perlu Tahu, Ini Jenis-Jenis Bullying yang Sering Terjadi pada Anak

Orang Tua Perlu Tahu, Ini Jenis-Jenis Bullying yang Sering Terjadi pada Anak

Orang Tua Perlu Tahu, Ini Jenis-Jenis Bullying yang Sering Terjadi pada Anak
Credit: Freepik

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Bullying atau perundungan dapat dialami siapa saja, termasuk pada anak-anak. Kasus bullying pada anak paling banyak dijumpai di lingkungan sekolah atau pertemanannya. Bullying pun tidak selalu melibatkan kontak fisik. Untuk itu, orang tua perlu mengenali berbagai jenis bullying yang rentan terjadi pada anak.

 

Mengenal Jenis-Jenis Bullying yang Rentan Terjadi pada Anak

Dilansir dari CDC, bullying atau perundungan adalah perilaku agresif oleh seseorang atau kelompok terhadap anak atau kelompok lain yang dianggap lebih lemah. Bullying dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menindas atau menyakiti. Tindakan bullying tidak selalu berupa kekerasan fisik namun juga dapat berupa pemaksaan, olok-olok, hingga bullying melalui sosial media.

Dilansir dari Verywell Family, setidaknya ada 6 jenis bullying yang dapat terjadi di lingkungan pergaulan anak, yaitu:

1. Perundungan fisik (Physical bullying)

Physical bullying atau perundungan fisik merupakan salah satu jenis intimidasi yang paling mudah dikenali. Perundungan fisik terjadi ketika anak-anak menggunakan tindakan fisik untuk mendapatkan kendali atas korban mereka. Biasanya pelaku bullying memiliki fisik yang lebih besar, lebih kuat dan agresif daripada korban. Contoh perundungan fisik di antaranya menendang, memukul, menampar, mendorong, dan lain-lain.

2. Perundungan verbal (Verbal bullying)

Pada perundungan verbal, pelaku menggunakan kata-kata baik melalui ucapan maupun tulisan untuk mengintimidasi korban. Bentuk perundungan verbal antara lain memanggil dengan panggilan yang tidak diinginkan, menggoda, mengancam, menyindir, menghina dan mengolok-olok.

Perundungan verbal ini seringkali sulit dibuktikan. Meskipun demikian, efek dari olok-olok verbal ini diketahui dapat menyebabkan trauma dan luka mendalam daripada perundungan fisik.

Baca juga: Mengapa Anak Melakukan Bullying dan Bagaimana Mencegahnya?

3. Agresi relasional

Agresi relasional juga dikenal dengan perundungan sosial. Perundungan jenis ini termasuk jenis bullying yang sulit untuk diusut dan dikendalikan. Padahal, perundungan ini memiliki efek yang berbahaya bagi korban.

Pada agresi relasional, pelaku akan melakukan serangkaian aksi untuk menjatuhkan hubungan atau nama baik korban. Beberapa hal yang mungkin dilakukan antara lain mempermalukan korban dengan sengaja di depan umum, sengaja mengabaikan dan meninggalkan korban, dan menyebarkan rumor negatif tentang korban.

4. Cyberbullying

Ketika anak Anda menggunakan internet atau sosial media untuk mengancam, mengolok-olok dan menyerang orang lain maka apa yang ia lakukan adalah cyberbullying. Beberapa tindakan yang termasuk cyberbullying antara lain mengunggah gambar, video atau tulisan yang menyakitkan, mengirim pesan atau email yang bernada menjatuhkan, serta menyebar rumor atau gosip negatif secara online.

Cyberbullying belakangan menjadi semakin marak dan mudah dilakukan. Salah satu penyebabnya, pelaku cyberbullying dapat melakukannya secara anonim atau tanpa identitas sehingga risiko tertangkap lebih kecil.

Baca Juga: Apa yang Harus Dilakukan Jika Anak Menjadi Korban Bullying?

5. Perundungan seksual

Perundungan seksual atau sexual bullying meliputi tindakan berbahaya yang dilakukan berulang kali dan menargetkan korban secara seksual. Contoh perilaku ini antara lain memanggil seseorang dengan komentar seksual, berkomentar melecehkan, melakukan gerakan vulgar, mengirim foto atau video porno, hingga menyentuh dan melakukan aktivitas seksual pada korban tanpa persetujuan.

6. Perundungan prasangka (Prejudice bullying)

Jenis perundungan yang juga perlu diwaspadai adalah perundungan prasangka. Perundungan ini meliputi berbagai jenis tindakan bullying yang berdasarkan ras, suku, dan agama korban. Tindakan bullying dapat berupa perlakuan kasar, ledekan, dan sikap diskriminatif lainnya. Dalam pergaulan, seringkali perundungan ini tersamarkan dengan candaan sehingga sulit untuk dihentikan.

 

Bagi orang tua, perlu untuk mengenali berbagai jenis bullying agar dapat mengetahui apakah anak-anak mengalami bullying atau bahkan telah menjadi korban bullying. Umumnya, anak-anak korban bullying tidak berani untuk bercerita bahwa ia telah mengalami tindakan perundungan di sekolah. Itulah sebabnya, orang tua perlu mengamati apakah anak-anak mengalami perubahan sikap akibat bullying.

Mau tahu informasi seputar kehamilan, menyusui, kesehatan wanita dan anak-anak? Cek di sini, ya!

 

Writer : Ratih AI Care
Editor :
  • dr Nadia Opmalina
Last Updated : Sabtu, 15 April 2023 | 22:13

CDC. (2021). Fast Fact: Preventing Bullying. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/youthviolence/bullyingresearch/fastfact.html

Gordon, S. (2021). The Different Types of Bullying Parents Should Watch For. Available from: https://www.verywellfamily.com/types-of-bullying-parents-should-know-about-4153882

Vinney, C. (2021). What Are the Different Types of Bullying. Available from: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-are-the-different-types-of-bullying-5207717

Lewis, R. (2021).Types of Bullying Your Child May Be Facing in School. Available from: https://www.healthline.com/health/childrens-health/types-of-bullying

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    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new6.54msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 720 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#11aicare_prod_new720μsselect * from `categories` where `categories`.`id` = 1 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
      Bindings
      • 0: 1
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:11
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.51msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6439 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6439
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.02msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 4206 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 4206
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • article-popular.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new9.03msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 725 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 725
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.article-popular:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Bindings
      • 0: 9766
      Hints
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      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new8.54msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 9739 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 9739
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.85msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 6629 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 6629
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    • related-article.blade.php#8aicare_prod_new7.75msselect `categories`.*, `category_post`.`post_id` as `pivot_post_id`, `category_post`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id`, `category_post`.`created_at` as `pivot_created_at`, `category_post`.`updated_at` as `pivot_updated_at` from `categories` inner join `category_post` on `categories`.`id` = `category_post`.`category_id` where `category_post`.`post_id` = 8258 and `categories`.`deleted_at` is null
      Bindings
      • 0: 8258
      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      Backtrace
      • view::web.v2.partials.related-article:8
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • LIMIT without ORDER BY causes non-deterministic results, depending on the query execution plan
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:122
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
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      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:547
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
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      Hints
      • Use SELECT * only if you need all columns from table
      • The SELECT statement has no WHERE clause and could examine many more rows than intended
      Backtrace
      • view::layouts.v2.web_layout:551
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:124
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
      • vendor/livewire/livewire/src/Mechanisms/ExtendBlade/ExtendedCompilerEngine.php:22
      • vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:72
    App\Models\Admin\Post
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    App\Models\Admin\Category
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    App\Models\TermPolicy
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    App\Models\Admin\Page
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